Mehmet İbrahim Tuğlu

Matrix changes due to the toxic effects of metronidazole in intestinal tissue of fish (Onchorhynchus mykiss)

Metranidazole (MTZ) is an antibiotic used for parasitic infections in a number of species. Accumulation of this drug in the environment and its interaction with fish of economic value makes this drug particularly important. In the present study, we examined the histopathological effects of MTZ on the intestinal tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish in aquarium were exposed to MTZ at doses of 5, 10, 20 mg/L for 2, 4 and 8 days. At the end of the experiments, macroscopic pathology or death were not observed at these doses. Histochemical staining with Haematoxylene-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Gomori Trichrome showed, depending on increased dose and prolonged duration, areas of necrosis, edema, inflammation, small tears at the tips of the villi and excretion with heterogenic distribution of the Goblet cells. Moreover, changes in the connective tissue of the intestines due to toxicity of MTZ and decreases in immunostaining of matrix proteins such as laminin and collagen IV, especially in the epithelium were observed. Findings of the present study would be useful to demonstrate the adverse effects of MTZ use, emphasizing the importance of the effect on fish which could be very important public health.

Neuroprotective effects of oleocanthal, a compound in virgin olive oil, in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

AIM To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of deocanthal OC in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six adult male, Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the sham group (n=5). Group 2 was the trauma group (n=5) where rats were treated with 10 mg/kg saline intraperitoneally (IP) twice a day. Groups 3 and 4, rats were treated with 10 (group 3, n=8) or 30 (group 4, n=8) mg/kg OC IP twice a day. For each group, brain samples were collected 72 hours after injury. Brain samples and blood were evaluated with histopathological and biochemical methods. RESULTS Histopathological evaluation revealed a significant difference between Group 2 and Group 4. Biochemical findings demonstrated that the oxidative stress index was highest in Group 2 and lowest in Group 4. CONCLUSION OC has a protective effect on neural cells after TBI. This effect is achieved by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Histological investigations on thymus of male rats prenatally exposed to bisphenol A

Bisphenol A is called as a endocrine-distrupting chemical because of the its steroid-like activity and it used in the construction of plastic containing materials. It is indicated that bisphenol A can pass the human serum, urine, follicular fluid, placenta and umblical cord as a result of the use of substances containing this agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of bisphenol A on the development of the thymus, a primary lymphoid organ which plays an important role in the specific immunity. The adult pregnant female rats were administered orally with bisphenol A (for 21 days) and postnatal thymus samples were obtained on day 21, 45 and 90 and were performed for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD79a and TUNEL assay for the apoptotic cells. Evaluation of all groups, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD79a stainings were decreased in the experimental groups compared with control group. The apoptotic cells were determined in the all groups on day 90 as a result of the thymus involution. It is noted that there was not any histological and morphological damages in the rats prenatally exposed the bisphenol A. The effect of the bisphenol A is unknown in the future, but there is no problem in the adult rats.

Anatomy of stem cells

Human embryonic stem cells are important for the understanding of biologic mechanisms and their potential for treatment, and for toxicology studies. Mesenchymal stem cells can produce a good environment with chemical factors and signals to serve as anti-apoptotic, immune modulator and angiogenic, and can support regeneration in damaged tissues and induce faster and better wound healing. Stem cells have recently been shown in cancer tissue; these play a major role in the progression of cancer and the principal obstacle in treatment due to their resistance. Stem cells may participate in tissue homeostasis and regeneration which shows their capacity for cell therapies which makes them an amazing source for the clinical translation to treatment of diseases. Therefore, better understanding of the behavior of these cells and the mechanisms they use are important. Keywords: cancer; embryonic; hematopoietic; mesenchymal; pluripotent; stem cell