Mehmet Kemal Çalışkan

Root canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Turkish population

An in vitro study was performed to determine the number and the type of root canals, their ramifications, transverse anastomoses, apical foramina locations, and frequency of apical deltas in a Turkish population. One thousand four hundred human permanent teeth were injected with India ink, decalcified, and cleared after the length of each was measured. The examination of root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertuccis classification. The findings were used to classify the teeth into four groups. Variable root canal configurations were found in the second premolar and the mesiobuccal roots of first and second molars among the maxillary teeth and in all of the mandibular teeth, except the mandibular second premolar.

Periapical repair and apical closure of a pulpless tooth using calcium hydroxide

A case with a wide-open apex and a large cystlike periapical lesion in an adult is presented. The lesion formed as a result of necrosis from trauma to a maxillary central incisor 12 years ago. After nonsurgical endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide paste and a calcium hydroxide-containing root canal sealer, apical closure and significant healing of the periapical lesion within 15 months were observed. This report suggests that even large periapical lesions (likely cystic) could respond favorably to nonsurgical treatment.

Surgical extrusion of a completely intruded permanent incisor

This report presents a case of a completely intrusive luxation of a mature permanent central incisor in a 10-yr-old boy. The intruded tooth was repositioned by using surgical extrusion and stabilization with interdental sutures. Endodontic treatment was performed with calcium hydroxide paste as the intracanal medication and a calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer. This treatment mode was observed at 18 months and was successful at that time.

Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Mature Teeth with Calcium Hydroxide Treatment

Three avulsed teeth that were replanted and splinted after approximately a 200-min dry extraoral period in two patients are presented. In case 1 calcium hydroxide treatment was performed 1 month after replantation, because the patient did not come for endodontic treatment on the day after replantation as requested. In case 2, calcium hydroxide treatment was initiated on the day after replantation. Calcium hydroxide treatment was used to prevent or treat inflammatory root resorption. During the follow-up periods the teeth reported in these cases have remained in a stable, functional position and did not reveal clinical ankylosis or replacement resorption.

The outcome of apical microsurgery using MTA as the root-end filling material: 2- to 6-year follow-up study.

AIM To evaluate the influence of various predictors on the healing outcome 2-6 years after apical microsurgery (AMS) using MTA as the root-end filling material. METHODOLOGY A total of 90 anterior teeth with asymptomatic persistent periradicular periodontitis of strictly endodontic origin that failed after either nonsurgical or surgical treatment were included. Surgery was completed under local anaesthesia using a standardized clinical protocol. Clinical and radiographic measures as well as the follow-up period were used to determine the healing outcome. For statistical analysis of the predictors, the outcome was dichotomized into healed cases and nonhealed cases. Odds ratios were calculated, and Pearson chi-square or Fishers exact tests were used to analyse the data. RESULTS Clinical and radiographic assessment of AMS revealed that 80% were healed, 14.4% were nonhealed, whilst 5.6% were judged to be uncertain. None of the various predictors investigated had a significant influence on the outcome of AMS. CONCLUSIONS The results of this clinical study demonstrated that 80% of cases that received apical microsurgery healed when using MTA as the root-end filling material.

Effectiveness of HERO 642 versus Hedström files for removing gutta‐percha fillings in curved root canals: an ex vivo study

AIM To compare the effectiveness of gutta-percha removal and the maintenance of canal anatomy when using the HERO 642 system or Hedström files (H-files) in mandibular molar teeth. METHODOLOGY The root canals of 40 mandibular molar teeth were instrumented using H-files and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. After 1 year in storage, the roots were sectioned horizontally to provide apical, middle and coronal root thirds. Sections were photographed, and an individual muffle was produced for each tooth. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and the gutta-percha removed using either the HERO 642 system or H-files, with or without solvent. Digital images of the root canals were then re-taken. Root thirds were inspected for lateral perforations, and the percentage of the residual canal filling was determined on postoperative images. Transportation and centring ratio were calculated using preoperative and postoperative images of the cross-sections of root thirds. RESULTS H-files groups were associated with less filling material than the HERO 642 system (H-files-HERO 642 P = 0.056, H-files-HERO 642+solvent P = 0.041, H-files + solvent-HERO 642 P = 0.018, H-files + solvent-HERO 642 + solvent P = 0.016). The percentage of residual filling material was similar in the apical thirds, and the contribution of solvent to canal debridement was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Perforation occurred mesiobuccally in 48% of specimens in the apical sections of mesial roots. There were no significant differences for centring ratio, transportation and perforation rate between groups. CONCLUSIONS H-files left less gutta-percha overall; however, there was no difference in the apical third. The effect of solvent was not remarkable. Both instrument systems created a large number of perforations.

Surgical extrusion of a cervically root-fractured tooth after apexification treatment

A case is reported in which an incisor fractured below the alveolar crest 6 months after completion of apexification treatment was surgically extruded for prosthetic coronal restoration. After the surgical procedure, a dowel post was placed in the root canal, a core was built using glass-ionomer cement, and a porcelain veneer crown restoration was completed. The 24-month follow-up examination after surgical, endodontic, and prosthetic treatments showed that the tooth was clinically and radiographically healthy and functioned well.

Apical microleakage of root-end cavities prepared by Er, Cr: YSGG laser

The aim of this study is to assess the apical microleakage of the composite filled root-end cavities prepared by an Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser. Fifty-five maxillary incisor teeth were enlarged and filled. Following the apical resection, root-end cavities were prepared using conventional methods: either using a bur (n = 30) or an ultrasonic retrotip (n = 15). Root-end cavities of the 15 teeth in the bur group were finished with the laser at 3.5 W. All root-end cavities were filled using two-step self-etching primer and composite resin. After 4 months of storage, apical microleakage was measured by a fluid filtration method. Microleakage of composite filled root-end cavities that were prepared by Er, Cr: YSGG was significantly larger than those made by conventional methods (p < 0.05). In conclusion, using the Er, Cr: YSGG laser has no advantages over conventional root-end cavity preparation methods when a composite filling material is used to seal root-end cavities.

Surgical extrusion of intruded immature permanent incisors: Case report and review of the literature

This report presents a case of intrusive luxation of immature maxillary central incisors with concomitant uncomplicated crown fractures in an 8-year-old boy. The intruded teeth with open apices were repositioned with surgical extrusion and endodontically treated through use of calcium hydroxide paste. Six months after initiation of apexification, definitive apical stops had formed. The canals were then permanently obturated, and the crowns were restored with composite resin. Clinical and radiographic examination 24 months after the surgical extrusion revealed satisfactory apical healing and healthy supporting tissues.

A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study of Cold Lateral Condensation Versus Core/Gutta-percha in Teeth with Periapical Lesions.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of root canal treatment using either Thermafil (TF; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) or the cold lateral condensation (CLC) obturation technique in teeth with periapical lesions and to investigate the influence on postoperative pain and treatment outcomes. METHODS After standardized root canal preparation technique, 112 teeth were obturated with either the TF or the CLC technique during 2 sessions by single operator. Postoperative pain, obturation length, and treatment outcomes were recorded. The teeth were reviewed clinically and radiographically for 2 years. RESULTS Although there were no significant differences between the techniques in the incidence of postoperative pain at 24 hours (P > .05), the incidence of pain was significantly higher in the TF group than in the CLC group at 48 hours (P < .05). During the 2-year follow-up period, there was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of the teeth treated with TF (96.4%) in comparison with those treated with CLC (98.2%) (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the outcome of the root canal treatment of teeth using the TF and CLC techniques revealed that these techniques are useful for root canal obturation.