Mehmet Kemal Tumer

Positive effects of ceftriaxone on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion model in rats

Aims: Many drugs have been associated with seizures as a side effect. Although they are defined as safe for nervous system. The effect on proconvulsant activity of beta lactam antibiotics have been also reported. We aimed to investigate whether ceftriaxone has an anticonvulsant effect on PTZ-induced seizures in rats. Materials and Methods: 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 18 of them for EEG recording and 18 of them are for behavioral studies, were randomly divided in two groups: group A for EEG recordings and group B for behavioral assesment. About 70 mg/kg PTZ was used for behavioral studies after Ceftriaxone administiration. About 35 mg/kg PTZ were used for EEG recording after ceftriaxone administiration. The electrodes were implanted on dura over the left frontal cortex and the reference electrode was implanted over the cerebellum for EEG recording. The Racine convulsion scale, first myoclonic jerk onset time, spike percentages, brain MDA and SOD levels were evaluated between the groups. Results: First myoclonic jerk onset time was significantly shorter in saline group than both 200 and 400 mg/kg ceftriaxone groups (p < 0.05). Racines convulsion scale was significantly lower in 200 and 400 mg/kg ceftriaxone groups than saline group (p < 0.01, p < 0.0001). Both of two ceftriaxone groups have lower spike percentages than the saline group (p < 0.05). Significantly lower MDA levels and higher SOD activity were determined in 200 mg/kg ceftriaxone group compared with the saline group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that ceftriaxone has protective effects on PTZ-induced convulsions and on oxidative damage associated with PTZ.

Investigation of age-related changes in the expression of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5 in the salivary glands of mice

Abstract Conclusion: The increased AQP5 expression associated with ageing in glands, which mainly secreted a serous solution, suggests a compensation for the decreased amount of saliva secretion associated with age progression. Objective: To investigate the change in aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) expression in the salivary glands in young and elder mice. Materials and method: Twelve female mice from the Balb/C genus (30–50 g) were used. The mice were separated into two groups: Group I had 2-month-old mice and Group II had 18-month-old mice. Salivary glands (glandula parotidea, glandula sublungualis, glandula submaxillaris) were excised and examined immunohistochemically and histopathologically. AQP1 and AQP5 expression of young and elder mice was evaluated using the H-score. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Upon histopathological examination, the acini of glands were found to be atrophic in elder mice. The number and diameter of intercalated ducts were increased. Indeed, the amount of adipose tissue in the gland was increased. Upon immunohistochemical examination, both AQP1 and AQP5 levels in sublingual glands of elder mice were increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, only AQP5 levels were increased in the parotid gland of elder mice (p < 0.01).

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor –173GC Variant Might Increase the Risk of Behçet’s Disease

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate any possible association between the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) –173GC variant and Behçet’s disease (BD) in a group of Turkish patients. Subjects and Methods: A total of 111 patients with BD and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes. The MIF –173GC variant was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The allele and genotype frequencies of patients and controls were compared using the χ2 test. Results: A statistically significant difference in the distribution of the genotype was observed between BD patients and healthy controls. The homo-genotype CC was more prevalent in the patient group compared to the control group (p = 0.008, OR: 0.24, 95% Cl: 0.05–0.78). A significant association was observed when the patients were compared with the controls according to GG + GC versus CC genotypes (p = 0.003, OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.063). Allele frequencies of the MIF −173GC variant did not show any statistically significant difference between patients and controls. Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that the CC genotype of the MIF –173GC variant may be a risk factor in the pathogenesis of BD in the Turkish population. However, further studies with larger samples are needed to address the exact role of this variant in BD.

Analyses of Effect of New Hemostatic Agent Mecsina Hemostopper® on Gingival Fibroblast Proliferation and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity by Different Tests

Yeni Bir Hemostatik Ajan Olan Mecsina Hemostopper® ‘ın Farklı Testlerle Sitotoksisitesinin Değerlendirilip, Gingival Fibroblast Proliferasyonuna Etkisinin Araştırılması Analyses of Effect of New Hemostatic Agent Mecsina Hemostopper® on Gingival Fibroblast Proliferation and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity by Different Tests. Mehmet Kemal Tümer1, Mustafa Çiçek2 1Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız, Diş Ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı, Tokat, Türkiye. 2Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.

The IL‐1Ra gene variable number tandem repeat variant is associated with susceptibility to temporomandibular disorders in Turkish population

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are a group of disorders involving temporomandibular joint and related structures. Interleukine‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) is an important anti‐inflammatory molecule that competes with other interleukin‐1 molecules. This study was designed to investigate the possible association of the IL‐1Ra VNTR variant with the risk of TMD in the Turkish population.

Effect of a functional variant of tumor necrosis factor-β gene in temporomandibular disorders: A pilot study

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions that cause chronic orofacial pain. The tumor necrosis factor β (TNF‐β) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the various aspects of the inflammatory process including organization and maintenance, and in the arrangement of cells at the inflammation site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between TNF‐β +252A/G (rs909253) variant and susceptibility to TMD in a Turkish cohort.

Differential immunohistochemical expression of type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 2 among major salivary glands of young and geriatric mice

Abstract Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the immunohistochemical changes associated with MMP-2 and type 1 collagen separately for the first time in the major salivary glands (the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands) that occur with aging in mice. Material and Methods Fourteen Balb/c white mice (50-80 g) were used in this study. The animals were divided into two equal groups. Group I consisted of young animals (2-month-old) (n=7) and Group II consisted of older animals (18-month-old) (n=7). After routine histological follow-ups, Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson’s Trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining was performed for type I collagen and MMP-2. Results We observed that there were age-related decreases in the number of acinar cells, increase in eosinophilic zymogen granules in cells, collagen accumulation in fibrotic areas and dilatation in interlobular ducts. Also, while type I collagen and MMP-2 immunoreactivity were moderate in the salivary glands of the young mice, they were high in the salivary glands of the old mice (p=0.001). In the H-score assessment, MMP-2 immunoreactivity was lower at a significant level in young mice than in old mice (p=0.001). Conclusions This study showed that anatomical, physiological and morphological abnormalities occur in all three major salivary glands as a natural consequence of aging.

Does the angulation of the mandibular third molar influence the fragility of the mandibular angle after trauma to the mandibular body? A three-dimensional finite-element study

Abstract The relationship between mandibular third molar (M3) angulation and mandibular angle fragility is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of M3 angulation on the mandibular angle fragility when submitted to a trauma to the mandibular body region. A three-dimensional (3D) mandibular model without M3 (Model 0) was obtained by means of finite-element analysis (FEA). Four models were generated from the initial model, representing distoangular (Model D), horizontal (Model H), mesioangular (Model M) and vertical (Model V) angulations. A blunt trauma with a magnitude of 2000 N was applied perpendicularly to the sagittal plane in the mandibular body. Maximum principal stress (Pmax) (tensile stress) values were calculated in the bone. The lowest Pmax stress values were noted in Model 0. When the M3 was present extra stress fields were found around marginal bone of second molar and M3. Comparative analysis of the models with M3 revealed that the highest level of stress was found in Model V, whereas Model D showed the lowest stress values. The angulation of M3 affects the stress levels in the mandibular angle and has an impact on mandibular fragility. The mandibular angle becomes more fragile in case of vertical impaction when submitted to a trauma to the mandibular body region.

Caecum location in laboratory rats and mice: an anatomical and radiological study

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection is the most frequently used method for implementing parenteral therapies in rats and mice. Whether the caecum is located in the right caudal quadrant or left caudal quadrant in the abdominal cavity is not clear. For that reason, we have developed a method for identifying the location of the caecum in rats and mice and thus revealed the most reliable location for i.p. injection in these animals. Two hundred Wistar albino rats and 100 BALB/c mice were used. The location of the caecum was determined by revealing the intra-abdominal organs immediately following euthanasia, photographing the organs, and archiving the images. Both digital photographic images and computed tomographic (CT) sections were analysed in terms of caecum morphology and location. In both rats and mice, the caecum was most commonly located on the animal’s left side. It was less frequently located on the right side or in the centre. The caecum was typically comma-shaped, but it was round or S-shaped in some animals. The direction of rotation of the caecum from the basis to the apex was mostly counterclockwise. Additionally, the apex showed a tendency to be evenly centred. This study demonstrated that the caecum was mostly located on the animal’s left side; and for that reason, the most suitable location for i.p. injection in these animals was understood to be the right caudal quadrant. Furthermore, when we compared the CT images and autopsy findings, the caecum did not change location in the abdominal cavity postmortem.

Investigation of CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

OBJECTIVES Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common painful disorder affecting oral health, mucosa and overall quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of RAS remains unclear. RAS shows a large genetic diversity among the patients. In present study, we investigated whether CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 are associated with RAS and its clinical findings in Turkish patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA obtained from 387 individuals (160 patients with RAS and 227 healthy controls) were used in the study. CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations were determined by using polymerase chain reaction with the specific primers. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype and allele distribution (p>0.05, OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.70-1.28, OR 1.01 95% CI 0.75-1.37, respectively). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the combined genotype analysis of CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to our results, we found that CD40 gene mutations are not associated with RAS. We are convinced that CD40 gene mutations do not predispose to develop RAS in Turkish population. To our knowledge, this is the first study regarding CD40 gene rs4810485 and rs1883832 mutations investigated in RAS patients.