Mehmet Murat

The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in isoniazid and ethambutol-induced ocular toxicity of rats

Abstract Purpose: This study intended to examine the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on isoniazid (INH) and/or ethambutol (ETM)-induced retina and optic nerve toxicity in a rat model. Methods: This study included eight groups, each containing 10 rats. The groups were Control, INH, ETM, CAPE, INH+CAPE, ETM+CAPE, INH+ETM and INH+ETM+CAPE. Rats were given orally 50 mg/kg/d of INH and 50 mg/kg/d of ETM in tap water for 30 d. 10 μmol/kg of CAPE were intraperitoneally injected for 30 d. The first dose of CAPE was given 24 h before the INH and ETM treatment and continued until sacrifice. Control group was given only tap water for 30 d. Rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed on the 30th day of experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) were measured on the dissected and excised retina and optic nerve samples. Fellow eyes were used for histopathologic evaluation and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count. In addition, CAPE, INH and ETM interaction with SOD isoforms were calculated in silico. Results: The SOD activity and TAS levels were found significantly higher in CAPE-treated groups compared to INH and/or ETM-treated groups (p < 0.0001). But the MDA, and TOS levels were significantly lower in CAPE-treated groups (p < 0.0001). The mean RGC count is significantly decreased in INH, ETM and INH+ETM groups compared with INH+CAPE, ETM+CAPE and INH+ETM+CAPE groups, respectively (p values 0.001, 0.042, and 0.001 respectively). Besides, in silico calculations showed that binding affinity of CAPE to SOD isotypes was higher than that of INH and ETM. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CAPE treatment may decrease the oxidative stress in the retina and optic nerve of INH- and ETM-treated rats and may prevent RGC loss. As an underlying mechanism, CAPE and SOD interaction seems crucial for alleviation of ocular oxidative stress and RGCs toxicity.

Corneal perforation during Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy: a case report

We report a case where corneal perforation developed during Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. We present a 20-year-old male with the complaint of impaired vision in the right eye. Leukoma consistent with the incision line in the cornea and opacity in the posterior capsule were observed.

Evaluation of choroidal changes in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

We aimed to examine the choroidal changes in ocular toxoplasmosis with spectral domain optical coherence tomography using the enhanced depth-imaging mode. The clinical and laboratory data and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of patients diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis and admitted to Dicle University, Department of Ophthalmology were analyzed retrospectively. The demographic properties such as best-corrected visual acuity intraocular pressure, biomicroscopic findings and dilated fundus examination were noted. The patients were categorized into three groups: active ocular toxoplasmosis, inactive ocular toxoplasmosis and healthy control groups. Enhanced depth-imaging coherence tomography images of both lesion area and subfoveal region were obtained in patients with active and inactive ocular toxoplasmosis, whereas only the enhanced depth-imaging coherence tomography images of subfoveal region were obtained in control group to measure choroidal thickness. A total of 54 subjects were evaluated including 20 individuals in the control group, 10 patients in active ocular toxoplasmosis group and 24 patients in inactive ocular toxoplasmosis group. No statistical significance was observed among the groups in terms of age, gender and intraocular pressure. Significant differences were noted in BCVA and SFCT among three groups. The mean ChT of the lesion area was significantly thicker in active ocular toxoplasmosis group than inactive ocular toxoplasmosis group (p=0.001). Monitoring of choroid is possible by EDI technique of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. This method is easily applicable and beneficial in the examining of ocular toxoplasmosis. Best-corrected visual acuity and the choroidal thickness in lesion area may vary according to activity.

Effect of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis on Vitreous Depth in Patients with Keratoconus

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the vitreous depth (VD) of keratoconic eyes in patients with or without vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Material and Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 consecutive keratoconus (KC) patients and 40 emmetropic control subjects were enrolled. KC patients were divided into two groups according to accompanying VKC (VKC-KC group and KC group). Mean outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), mean keratometry (Km), intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AL) and its components. The eyes with the highest Km were selected for statistical analysis for each participant. Results: There were 50, 30, and 40 patients in the VKC-KC group, KC group, and control group respectively. The KC group and VKC-KC group were similar in BCVA, SE, Km, CCT, ACD, LT, and IOP (p>0.05). The mean ACD was significantly lower in the control group when compared with the KC group and VKC-KC group. The mean AL and VD were significantly higher in VKC-KC group than those of KC group and the control group, whereas similar in KC and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the current study we showed that VKC-associated KC patients have significantly longer AL and VD when compared with KC patients without VKC. Posterior segment elongation in VKC-KC group may be associated with the type IV collagen destruction due to chronic longstanding inflammation in VKC patients.

Etiology and prognosis of penetrating eye injuries in geriatric patients in the Southeastern region of Anatolia Turkey.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the etiologic and prognostic factors of open eye injuries in geriatric patients in the Southeastern region of Anatolia. METHODS Forty-five geriatric patients who underwent surgery for an open eye injury in our clinic between the years of 2008 and 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Age, gender, cause and the mechanism of the trauma, visual acuity (VA), and the time between the trauma and the surgery were obtained from files and evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 70.4±8.2 (65-90) years. Thirty-four of the cases were male and 11 were female. The most frequent mechanism of trauma was a wood strike, while the second most common one was injury with a knife. Corneoscleral penetration was the most frequently observed trauma. The mean VA of the patients was 2.26±0.65 at admission, and was 1.53±0.99 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at the final evaluation. The most frequent complications of trauma were iris prolapse and hyphema. There was a significant correlation between the first and final VA. CONCLUSION Penetrating ocular injuries are seen less frequently among geriatric patients, and their prognosis may be worse due to less-efficient wound site healing and differences in scleral rigidity. The most important factor affecting the final VA measurement was the VA of the patient at admission.

Central serous chorioretinopathy case with ooze sign

Forty two-year old, male patient was presented to our clinics with complaint of blurred vision and metamorphosis in the right eye for 1 year and in the left eye for last 3 days. In his fundoscopic examination, diffuse retinal pigment epithelial atrophy in the right eye and serous detachment at macular region in the left eye were observed. In fundus fluorescent angiography and optic coherence tomography, active CSCR in the left eye and ooze sign which is compatible with atypical form of previous CSCR in the right eye were detected. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 538-541