Mei-Li You

Isothermal hazards evaluation of benzoyl peroxide mixed with benzoic acid via TAM III test

Isothermal microcalorimetry can be used to investigate the thermokinetic parameters for reactive mechanisms. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), a typical organic peroxide, undergoes an autocatalytic reaction under isothermal decomposition. It requires intrinsically safer design of preparation, manufacturing, transportation, storage, and even disposal. The scope of this study was to describe the exothermic reaction and reaction model of BPO and mixed with benzoic acid by the thermal activity monitor III (TAM III). The results showed the isothermal kinetic parameters, such as activation energy (Ea), frequency factor (A), heat of decomposition (ΔHd), and time to maximum rate under isothermal conditions (TMRiso), which were necessary and useful to insure safe storage or transportation for self-reactive substances applied in the process industries.

Study on thermal hazards for isoprene monomer (IPM) mixed with aluminum oxide

Isoprene monomer (IPM) is a colorless, volatile liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar that occurs naturally in many process plants. It is used chiefly to make synthetic rubber. Our study used calorimetric approaches to conduct thermal analysis and hazard assessment of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and IPM relevant studies. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermal activity monitor III, thermogravimetry, and vent sizing package 2 were used to discuss thermal instability reaction of Al2O3, which adsorbed IPM, and find every possible reason for cases of fire to prevent any future recurrence of the package store and transport related hazards. By means of calorimetric analysis technology, we can observe thermal decomposition or mass loss for different adsorbed concentrations of IPM and Al2O3 to discuss the related thermal stability parameters, such as exothermic onset temperature (T0), heat of decomposition (ΔHd), self-accelerating exothermic rate (dT dt−1), pressure rise rate, and maximum reaction temperature (Tmax). Then, we can understand the potential hazard factors that contribute to disasters related to processing, transport, and storage of security controls and reaction process design.

Modeling Thermal Decomposition Kinetic Algorithms on CL-20 and HMX

This study established a kinetic model of the thermal decomposition properties of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and kinetic evaluation simulations. The goal was to analyze the thermokinetic parameters of CL-20 and HMX by DSC and then to compare thermal decomposition energy parameter simulations under various conditions using a kinetic model. The experimental results that were obtained depend strongly on the reliability of the applied kinetic model, which is essentially defined by the suitable selection of a mathematical model and the accuracy of the methods used in the kinetic evaluation. This study resulted in a quick and efficient procedure for obtaining information about the thermal decomposition characteristics and the reaction hazards of CL-20 and HMX. This procedure could be applied to develop inherently safer reaction designs under normal or extraordinary operating conditions.

Isothermal and non-isothermal calorimetric techniques combined with a simulation approach for studying the decomposition characteristics of di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide

Disasters caused by organic peroxides, such as di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide (DCBP), are mainly attributed to the presence of unstable oxygen atom bonds. In this study, DCBP was investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and thermal activity monitor III, which yielded thermokinetic data to delve into the pure decomposition characteristics of DCBP undergoing chemical reactions. In addition, the thermokinetic data were used to determine the thermal safety parameters through simulation using a best-fit approach based on an appropriately chosen kinetic model and thermal safety software. We found that DCBP decomposes more satisfactorily by an autocatalytic reaction at low temperatures. The apparent activation energy determined through various approaches, such as Kissinger and Ozawa methods, and thermal safety software simulation were studied. Although DCBP decomposition deposits with dioxins, which require major decontamination measures, DCBP is used to produce silicone products globally. The present study establishes threshold thermokinetic parameters for packing and handling thermally sensitive organic peroxides; these thresholds help predict unwarranted runaway reactions, which entail enormous pressure rise and release of toxic by-products to the environment.