Melânia Palermo Manfron

Antinociceptive activity of Mirabilis jalapa in mice

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The infusion or decoction of Mirabilis jalapa leaves is used in traditional medicine in Brazil to treat inflammatory and painful diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study examined the antinociceptive effect of Mirabilis jalapa extracts from leaves and stems in models of pain in mice. MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS The crude hydroethanolic extract from leaves (CrdL) was more potent than the crude extract from stems (CrdS) to inhibit abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid, with ID(50) values of 5.5 (2.3-13.1) and 18.0 (11.3-28.5) mg/kg, respectively. Among the fractions tested, the Eta fraction from leaves (Eta) was more effective (maximal inhibition of 83+/-8%) and potent (ID(50) of 1.1 (0.6-2.1) mg/kg) to induce antinociception. Eta and CrdL also possessed an antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test. Pre-treatment with naloxone did not modify the antinociceptive effect of Eta, but co-administration with atropine completely prevented it. This suggests that the antinociceptive effect might depend on the cholinergic system. Instead, Eta was not able to alter the acetylcholinesterase activity in blood or spinal cord. Concerning side effects, Eta did not alter locomotor activity, body temperature, gastrointestinal transit and did not produce gastric lesions. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Mirabilis jalapa presents antinociceptive activity in mice, which supports its folkloric use as an analgesic.

Atividade antibacteriana, antioxidante e tanante de subprodutos da uva

The aim of this research was to determine in vitro the antibacterial, antioxidant and tanning activity from grape by-products (Vitis vinifera), for its use as alternative ingredients in the poultry industry and food conservation. Polar compound had been extracted of the defatted grape seed (SUD) in a solution with acetone, water and acetic acid, in the 90: 9.5: 0.5 ratio respectively, resulting in a yield of 10.3% of defatted grape seed extract (ESUD). ESUD has high antibacterial activity against strains of S. aureus and E. coli, but not against Salmonella sp. The antioxidant activities of the ESUD had comparable to the ascorbic acid. The capacity to bind proteins was considered low for the seed and high for the ESUD.

Antinociceptive effect of Mirabilis jalapa on acute and chronic pain models in mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The infusion or decoction of Mirabilis jalapa leaves is used in traditional medicine in Brazil to treat inflammatory and painful diseases. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate whether the leaf ethyl acetate (Eta) fraction from Mirabilis jalapa exhibits antinociceptive effect in clinically relevant pain models in mice. Furthermore, we have investigated the role of cholinergic system in the antinociceptive action produced by Eta in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of Eta administered orally (10mg/kg, p.o.) in mice was verified on the painful hypersensitivity (mechanical allodynia) in models of chronic inflammation (subcutaneous injection of complete Freunds Adjuvant-CFA in the plantar surface of the right hind paw), postoperative (paw surgical incision) and neuropathic (partial sciatic nerve ligation) pain. In the chronic inflammation model, we further verified the effect of Eta treatment on paw edema and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. We also investigated the role of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the antiallodynic action produced by Eta as well as the possible action of Eta on in vitro and ex vivo acetylcholinesterase activity in CFA treated animals. Furthermore, we verified the effect of Eta treatment on the parameters of liver and kidney lesion (level of urea, and activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). RESULTS Eta produced marked reduction in the allodynia caused by CFA, surgical incision and partial sciatic nerve ligation. However, Eta did not alter the paw edema or the increase of IL-1β levels produced by CFA. The antinociceptive effect of Eta was reversed by the pre-treatment of animals with the antagonists of muscarinic (atropine, 5mg/kg, s.c) or nicotinic (mecamylamine, 0.001mg/kg, s.c.) receptors. Eta did not alter in vitro acetylcholinesterase activity in blood or spinal cord samples, but it reversed the increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity observed in the spinal cord samples from mice injected with CFA. Moreover, Eta did not alter the indicators of liver or kidney lesion. CONCLUSIONS Based on its use in traditional medicine, the results of the present study confirmed the antinociceptive properties of Eta in clinically relevant pain models. Also its effect on the CFA-induced chronic inflammation seems to be related to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cholinergic system.

Antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of hydroalcoholic extract and dichloromethane fraction of Amphilophium crucigerum seeds in mice

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal plant generally known as monkeys comb (Amphilophium crucigerum) has been popularly described for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, specially seeds preparations. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the crude extract (Crd) and dichloromethane fraction (Dcm) of A. crucigerum seeds, and investigate the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor in this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Swiss mice were used in this study. The effects of Crd and Dcm was tested on capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx or the specific binding of [3H]-resiniferatoxin. Moreover, after treatment with Crd or Dcm, animals were exposed to acute pain (hot water tail-flick and capsaicin intraplantar test) or chronic pain models (injection of complete Freunds adjuvant or partial ligation of the sciatic nerve). Acute adverse effects were also noted: locomotor activity, corporal temperature, hepatic or renal damage, gastrointestinal transit alteration, and ulcerogenic activity. RESULTS The oral administration of Crd or Dcm resulted in an antinociceptive effect in the hot water tail-flick (48°C) and capsaicin intraplantar tests. Furthermore, these preparations exhibited antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in a chronic inflammatory pain model, and antinociceptive effects in a neuropathic pain model. Moreover, Crd and Dcm reduced capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx and diminished the [3H]-resiniferatoxin specific binding to spinal cord membranes. Acute adverse events were not found with Crd or Dcm administration. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results support the analgesic effect of A. crucigerum and suggest the presence of compounds that may act as TRPV1 antagonists.

Ação acaricida in vitro de Tropaeolum majus sob teleóginas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricide effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Tropaeolum majus on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus engorged females. Extracts from the aerial parts (stems and leaves) and from the flowers were tested at a final concentration of 2%. The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus engorged females were collected in farms in two municipalities (Sao Francisco de Assis and Sao Pedro do Sul), in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. An efficacy of 99,1% was found using extract of aerial parts in ethanol at 70%. This is the first report of acaricidal effect of Tropaeolum majus.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND CONCENTRATIONS OF POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Dodonaea viscosa (SAPINDACEAE)

Normal 0 21 false false false http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5902/223658343097 We evaluated the antiinflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of D. viscos a model in the induction of granulomatous tissue and the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids. Noting that the animals treated with the sample showed 54.46 ±3.99% inhibition of the formation of granulomatous tissue while the control group treated with nimesulide, showed 58.55 ±1.82% confirmed significant antiinflammatory activity. The measurements of total polyphenols and flavonoids in the extract were significant when compared to the standards, which confirms the popular use of this medicinal plant. Resumo: Avaliou-se a atividade antiinflamatoria do extrato etanolico de D. viscosa em modelo de inducao de tecido granulomatoso e o teor de polifenois totais e flavonoides. Constatando que os animais tratados com a amostra apresentou 54,46± 3,99% de inibicao da formacao de tecido granulomatoso enquanto que o grupo controle tratado com nimesulida, apresentou 58,55± 1,82 % confirmando significativa atividade antiinflamatoria. As dosagens de polifenois totais e flavonoides no extrato foram significativos quando comparados aos padroes, o que comprova o uso popular desta planta medicinal.

Atividade acaricida in vitro de Glechon spathulata Benth. sobre teleóginas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricide efficiency of Glechon spathulata extracts on engorged females of Rhipcephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Engorged ticks were collected from crossbred cattle from one farm in Sao Pedro do Sul municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. in vitro experiments consisted on the immersion tests of engorged females in solutions of G. spathulata, where treatments were made at triplicate with fractions and extracts at 2% concentration, diluted in water and ethanol. Crude dry extract of G. spathulata suspended in 70% ethanol presented an efficiency average of 99%, while the same extract diluted in water demonstrated efficiency average of 72%. It was observed in 70% ethanol control difference in egg eclodibility; however there was no interference in egg weight. The chloroform fraction of G. spathulata showed no efficacy in the test. The results obtained suggest that the hydroethanolic extract at 70% of G. spathulata has significant acaricide activity in vitro. This research is the first communication of acaricidal effect of. G. spathulata.

Avaliação da atividade de Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Flacourtiaceae) sobre os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos em ratos

The aim of this work was to evaluate the activities of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Casearia sylvestris leaves on Wistar rats serum triglyceride levels. One of the popular uses of this plant is on weight loss. The analyses have been done after administering suspension of extracts in carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% (CMC 0.5%), 500mg/kg orally. The values obtained have been compared with the control group which only received CMC 0.5%. The results have shown that the hydroalcoholic extract of C. sylvestris lowers the blood triglycerides.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND DOSAGE OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS OF Morus alba LEAVES (MORACEAE)

To establish parameters for quality control ofMorus alba leaves were done tests of purity by determining the loss on drying, foreign matter, total ash, acid insoluble ash, swelling index, bitterness index, yield of crude extract, pH and organoleptic properties. The tests were done with samples collected on March, June, September and December, which were according to Brazilian Pharmacopeia and World Health Organization.Through 70 % ethanol extracts of M. alba leaves it was done the dosage of total polyphenols and flavonoids, which were used, respectively, the acidgallic and rutin standards.

Acaricide activity in vitro of Glechon spathulata Benth. On engorged females of Rhipcephalus (Boophilus) microplus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricide efficiency of Glechon spathulata extracts on engorged females of Rhipcephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Engorged ticks were collected from crossbred cattle from one farm in Sao Pedro do Sul municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. in vitro experiments consisted on the immersion tests of engorged females in solutions of G. spathulata, where treatments were made at triplicate with fractions and extracts at 2% concentration, diluted in water and ethanol. Crude dry extract of G. spathulata suspended in 70% ethanol presented an efficiency average of 99%, while the same extract diluted in water demonstrated efficiency average of 72%. It was observed in 70% ethanol control difference in egg eclodibility; however there was no interference in egg weight. The chloroform fraction of G. spathulata showed no efficacy in the test. The results obtained suggest that the hydroethanolic extract at 70% of G. spathulata has significant acaricide activity in vitro. This research is the first communication of acaricidal effect of. G. spathulata.