Meltem Karatasli

Tuberculosis in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Dialysis in an Endemic Region of Turkey

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is high in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing dialysis. Diagnosis is difficult and delayed in this patient group owing to extrapulmonary involvement and nonspecific symptoms. Adverse effects of antituberculosis treatment are seen more frequently in these patients. We retrospectively evaluated the frequency and clinical progression of TB in 18 of 343 dialysis patients diagnosed with TB over a 5-year period at a university hospital in Adana, Turkey. Mean time between initiation of dialysis to diagnosis of TB was 19.5 +/- 26.1 months. Extrapulmonary TB was more frequent (77.8%) than pulmonary TB (22.2%). Diagnosis of TB was made based on clinical data in 1 patient, and microbiologically or pathologically in others. Antituberculosis treatment with 3 or 4 drugs was administered to patients for 6 to 12 months; second-line treatment was initiated in 1 patient infected with multidrug-resistant bacilli. One patient died owing to a cause other than TB; another was lost to follow-up. Adverse effects were hepatotoxicity in 3, optic neuritis in 1, and neuropsychiatric in 3 patients. A clinical response to therapy was achieved in all of the 16 patients who completed treatment. In conclusion, the incidence of TB and the frequency of extrapulmonary involvement are high in dialysis patients. Physicians must be alert to unusual presentations and localizations of the disease; TB must be strongly suspected in endemic regions. Owing to the greater frequency of adverse effects of treatment in these patients, they must be carefully observed during treatment.

Propylthiouracil-Associated Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion: A Case Report

We describe an unusual case of a patient with eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) associated with long-term propylthiouracil (PTU) administration. A 43-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after complaining of chest pain. She had had Graves’ disease, which had been treated with PTU for 11 years. Right-sided pleural effusion was detected and the result of thoracentesis confirmed an EPE. The patient’s detailed medical evaluation failed to reveal any other cause of EPE. PTU was terminated since it was thought to be the cause. Despite withdrawal of the medication, however, the pleural effusion persisted for 6 weeks, and steroid therapy was planned for 15 days in decreasing dosages. During the control visit 10 days after the initiation of steroid therapy, no pleural effusion was observed, and the steroid was discontinued. Rechallenge with PTU produced recurrent pleural effusion. Therapy with PTU was again terminated, and treatment with methimazole and a brief course of low-dose corticosteroids were begun. Chest radiography revealed disappearance of the effusion within 10 days and it did not recur during a 1-year follow-up. To our knowledge, there is only 1 other case in the English-language literature describing EPE caused by PTU. Our report is of particular importance because it describes the development of that disorder in the 11th year of PTU treatment. It also shows that steroid therapy can be effective in treating drug-induced EPE.