Melvin L. Foulds

Effects of a Personal Growth Group on a Measure of Self-Actualization:

The growth center model has been advocated by the author for the provision of counseling services in educational institutions (Foulds & Guinan, 1969). On the college or university campus, the growth center is a proactive agency that provides a wide variety of educative, developmental, and remedial services designed to foster increased levels of self-actualization and human effectiveness, expansion of human awareness and experience, and maximum development of human potentials. A description of various activities designed to achieve these goals has been offered (Foulds & Guinan, in press), and the present paper is a report of a study that attempted to evaluate the effective-

Self-Actualization and Level of Counselor Interpersonal Functioning

Numerous research investigations have revealed a’ significant positive relationship between the ability of counselors to offer the therapeutic conditions of empathic understanding (E), respect or positive regard (R), and facilitative genuineness (G) within counseling relationships and the constructive personality and behavior change of their clients (Carkhuff & Berenson, 1967; Rogers, Gendlin, Kiesler, k Truax, 1967; Truax & Carkhuff, 1967). Several research studies have indicated that personal attributes rather than academic attainment seem to be related to the level of counselor interpersonal functioning along these dimensions (Allen, 1967; Berenson, Carkhuff, & Myrus, 1966; Bergin 8c Solomon, 1963; Carkhuff, Piaget, & Pierce, 1968; Carkhuff & Truax, 1965; Jones & Schoch, 1968; Joslin, 1965; Truax & Carkhuff, 1967; Truax, Silber, & Wargo, 1966). Bergin and Solomon (1963) reported findings that indicated that counselor personality disturbance interferes with the quality of the therapeutic relationship he establishes with his client, with his ability

Changes in Locus of Internal-External Control A Growth Group Experience

a generalized expectancy which relates to whether or not the individual possesses or lacks power over what happens to him and to the degree to which he accepts personal responsibility for his behavior and life experiences. The internally oriented individual perceives reinforcements to be contingent upon his own behavior and positive or negative events to be consequences of his own actions, while the externally oriented individual perceives reinforcements to be unrelated to his

Effects of a Personal Growth Group on Ratings of Self and Others

Perceptual theory states that the highly adequate, selfactualizing individual perceives himself and other people in essentially positive ways (Combs and Snygg, 1959). He is highly accepting of himself and others, and he identifies broadly with other human beings. Growth groups have been suggested (Foulds and Guinan, 1969) as one method for fostering personal adequacy and individual growth through

Marathon Group Changes in a Measure of Dogmatism

A number of recent research investigations have revealed positive personality changes as a result of participation in a 24-hour experiential-Gestalt marathon growth group. This form of marathon group has been found to foster increased levels of self-actualization (Foulds, Guinan, and Hannigan, 1973b, 1974b; Guinan and Foulds, 1970) and decreased levels of neuroticism (Hannigan, Foulds, and Guinan, 1974); to effect positive changes in ratings of self and others (Foulds, Girona, and Guinan, 1970; Foulds and Guinan, 1973); and in a measure of personal and social functioning (Foulds, Guinan, and Hannigan, 1973a, 1974a), to alter the locus of internal-external control of reinforcement expectancies in the direction of internality (Foulds, Guinan, and Warehime, 1974); and to be a valuable growth and learning experience for normal, growth-seeking college students (Foulds, Wright, and Guinan, 1970; Guinan, Foulds, and Wright, 1973). This paper is a report of our continuing efforts to study the effects of one form of marathon growth

Do the Changes Last?: A Six-Month Follow-up of a Marathon Group

It is widely accepted that verbal reports of perceived or experienced changes in attitudes do not substitute for more publicly verifiable observations of behavioral change. Nevertheless, patients seek therapeutic experiences because they themselves experience a need for change, and a technique that does not result in perceived or &dquo;felt&dquo; changes will not long survive. The marathon group is a technique in that it is a formally structured setting within which therapeutic changes