Meral Bayat

Depression, Anxiety, Hopelessness, and Social Support Levels of the Parents of Children With Cancer

When a child is diagnosed with cancer, family members are affected both socially and psychologically. This study was conducted to determine the depression, anxiety (state and trait), hopelessness, and perceived social support levels of 94 parents of children with cancer followed up at a university hospital. Data were collected using a questionnaire form and included descriptive characteristics, Beck Depression Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, State—Trait Anxiety Inventory, and The Hopelessness Scale. A positive relationship was found between depression and hopelessness scores and between state and trait anxiety scores for both mothers and fathers. Also, a negative relationship was found between social support and depression scores and between hopelessness and social support scores. Apart from fathers, a positive relationship between depression and trait anxiety scores and a negative relationship between state anxiety and hopelessness scores were found in mothers. Based on these results, it seems that it would be highly beneficial to provide psychological and social support and social support groups to help parents cope with these problems.

Change in waist circumference over 3 years in Turkish children and adolescents

Abstract Aim: To observe change in waist circumference (WC) over 3 years in children and adolescents and to compare these data with local and international references. Subjects and methods: The data of the second study determining the anthropometric measurements of Turkish children and adolescents (DAMTCA-II) were used to calculate WC percentiles. A total of 4234 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years (1890 boys and 2344 girls) were enrolled. The 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th and 97th percentiles and z-scores were computed by the LMS Method. Results: The mean WC was significantly higher in boys than in girls in 12.5, 13 and 15–17 year old children (p < 0.001). The prevalence of central obesity (WC ≥ 90th percentile) was 13.5% (14.3% in boys and 12.9% in girls, respectively). There was no significant difference in prevalence of abdominal obesity, between each gender (p = 0.179) and age group from 6–17 years (p = 0.590). In a comparison with the available contemporary international references, the 50th percentiles of these references were similar to those in Bulgaria, but markedly higher than those of Malaysian children and of Chinese children living in Hong Kong. Conclusions: The prominent finding of this study was the significant increase in WC percentiles in a short time in both genders. In addition, the WC references are similar to other regional references, but significantly higher than those of East Asia.

Daily physical activity in low-risk pre-term infants: Positive impact on bone strength and mid-upper arm circumference

Background: Prevention of pre-term osteopenia is important because it results in ventilator dependency, fractures in long bones, softening of the ribs or respiratory failure due to bone breaks in newborns. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in bone strength and anthropometric indices of very low birth-weight (VLBW) pre-term infants undergoing daily physical activity. Subjects and methods: Forty VLBW and low-risk pre-term infants (n intervention group = 20, n control group = 20) with a birth weight of 800–1600 g and gestational age of 26–32 weeks were recruited. Pre-term infants in the control group were provided with standard nursing care whereas those in the intervention group received a daily physical activity programme in addition to standard nursing care during the study. Before and after the study, anthropometric indices and tibial speed of sound (SOS) values were measured. Results: In this study the tibial SOS values were found to be increased in the intervention group (p < 0.001) and decreased in the control group (p = 0.002). The increase in percentage of the mid-upper arm circumference of infants was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A daily physical activity programme increased SOS values of the tibia and mid-upper arm circumference in VLBW pre-term infants.

Change in reference body mass index percentiles and deviation in overweight and obesity over 3 years in Turkish children and adolescents

Abstract Background: This aim of this study was to update information on body mass index (BMI) references and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey, and to compare our data with previous local and international data. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Turkish school-age children living in Kayseri, Turkey in 2008. BMI references were calculated and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined. Growth curves were produced and compared with concomitant (4 years ago) local and international data. Results: A total of 4241 children (2339 girls and 1902 boys) aged 6–18 years were included. The 5th and 50th percentiles of boys in the current study were approximately 0.8–1.2 units lower than those reported previously. The 95th percentile in our study was higher than those found in previous studies. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was found to be higher in the current study when compared with a previous study (3.9%–4.5% and 15.4%–18.0%, respectively). In the current study, obesity was found to be increased in boys (4.8%–5.4%) but decreased in girls (4.8%–3.5%) when compared with a previous study. We found that our BMI references were significantly higher until 15–16 years of age for the 85th and 95th percentiles compared with World Health Organization standards. Conclusions: This study provides information on updated BMI references and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity should be screened in short periods. In the evaluation of overweight and obesity, international standards and local references should be evaluated together.

The Effect of Diet-Exercise Trainings Provided to Overweight and Obese Teenagers through Creative Drama on Their Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors

BACKGROUND This study was conducted in Turkey as an empirical study in randomized, controlled, and time series design for the purpose of evaluating the effects of the Diet-Exercise trainings with creative drama method provided to overweight/obese teenagers. METHODS This study was designed to highlight the effect of interactive education provided to slightly overweight/obese teenagers through creative drama on modifiable factors that caused obesity. Seventy-six overweight/obese teenagers studying at sixth and seventh grades of upper primary education were included in the study (38 participants in the Study Group and 38 participants in the Control Group). Training courses that were designed based on creative drama method were implemented in five sessions with teenager groups (n = 12-13); and the mothers were also trained in a session in this study (for the Study Group). RESULTS At the end of the study, it was determined that the knowledge, attitude, the order of the meals, and healthy diet-exercise behavior points of the teenagers in the Study Group increased; and the difference between the Study Group and the Control Group was significant (p < 0.05). The BMI, body weight, and waist/height rate of the teenagers in the Study Group decreased at a significant level after the study was completed (p < 0.05); and significant increases were determined in the waist circumference and body weight measurements of the Control Group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, overweight/obese teenagers may be reached with school-based educational programs, and they may be made to acquire positive attitudes and behaviors through diet and exercises designed with interactive methods like creative drama.

The effect of problem solving and coping-with-stress education given with creative drama based on human caring model on empowerment of the adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Information concerning relationship attitudes and perceptions on intimacy, passion, and commitment is useful to individuals engaging in intimate relations or considering such an effort. Vaillant from the Harvard Study of Adult Development indicates that close relationships when we are young make an enormous difference in the quality of our lives. Erikson (1968) indicated that the periods of time between adolescence and adulthood involve stages concerning identity and love in his model of psychosocial development. Therefore, it is this group of individuals who are actively pursuing romantic connections. Providing feedback to young adults in this period of life may be advantageous for enhancing the quality of their relationships and the quality of their lives beyond young adulthood. The purpose of this study is to establish the psychometric properties regarding reliability of a newly revised instrument, the Relationship Evaluation and Analysis Link Revised (REAL-R), which can be utilized to assess strengths and weaknesses and identify factors related to intimate relationships. It may be used to provide valuable feedback to youth and young adults concerning key areas of relationship functioning. The REAL-R assists individuals with identifying their position on scales for seven relationship factors. The purpose of this workshop is to examine the literature concerning relationships and demonstrate and experience the REAL-R. Discussion will include providing youth with valuable information about themselves concerning key areas on relationship functioning..

Osteopenia among Preterm Newborns and Nursing Care

Incidence of preterm birth has been increasing since 1980s. Despite this increase in the incidence, survival rate of preterm newborns has been going up although it changes depending on gestational age. It is stated that such critical diseases that progress slowly as sensory losses, neurological disorders, developmental deficits, respiratory failures, bone mineral problems occur despite decreasing number of health problems that develop rapidly thanks to the increasing rate of preterm survival rate. One of the bone mineralization problems seen in preterm newborns is osteopenia. Because osteopenia, described as poor bone mineralization, occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy and bone development period, it is often seen among preterm newborns and is thus termed as preterm osteopenia. As birth weight and gestation age of newborns reduce, incidence of preterm osteaopenia increases. In diagnosing preterm osteopenia, biochemical parameters and radiological tests are used. Preterm osteopenia may lead to fractures in long bones, respiratory insufficiency due to softening or fractures of ribs, inability to leave ventilator during newborn period as well as retardation of tooth development and short stature in future. Therefore, it is highly important to prevent preterm osteopenia. First intervention against preterm osteopenia is to prevent disease progress. Enabling preterm newborns to be fed with fortified breast milk or formula with calcium and phosphorous supplements may fail in preventing preterm osteopenia. Besides; osteopenia and osteopenia-related complications may be prevented by offering daily physical activities that have no adverse effects to preterm newborns who suffer from movement restrictions. It is suggested that nurses who are responsible for the protection, maintenance and development of health can make contributions to prevent osteopenia by assessing behaviors of the newborns with the health care team and providing nutritional supplements, proper treatment modalities and physical activity programs. Thus, undesired results including long hospital stay and repeated hospitalizations that will worsen general physical status of preterm newborns and will increase cost of health care can be avoided.

PO-0876 Peer Bullying: Kapadokya In Turkey

Introduction and aim Violence is a widespreading social problem including school aged children and adolescents in Turkey as everywhere in the world. The present study was conducted descriptively to determine the prevalence of bullying among 6th, 7th and 8th graders in secondary schools of a city province in Turkey. Method Universe of the study consists of 3059 students attending secondary schools in Nevsehir province in Turkey. Randomly selected 1287 students were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Ethical approval and institutional permission were obtained while consents were taken from students and their families. Data were collected with Individual Information Form, Traditional Peer Bullying Scale with a face-to-face interview and analysed with descriptive statistics and chi-square test on computer. Findings It was determined that mean age of the students was 12.81 ± 0.93 years, of them 51.7% were girls, 12.0% did bullying and 15.9% were exposed to bullying (victim) while 15.1% were both bully/victim. Boys and 8th graders were found to bully more than girls (pth and 7th graders, respectively (pth grade and with a moderate level of economic status were found to be exposed to bullying more than 7th and 8th graders (p0.05). Conclusion and recommendations Consequently, bullying at schools is a serious problem and programs including students, teachers and parents about preventing bullying should be developed and generalised.

PS-258 Can The Expression Of Chronic Disease Given By Children Be Understood With Aesthetic Knowing?

Background and aims Aesthetic Knowing provides understanding human reactions towards disease, health, events. Study was conducted qualitatively to understand what chronic disease expressed to children with chronic diseases by intern nurses with Aesthetic Knowing. Methods Study was conducted with 25 intern nurses caring 25 children aged 9–18 years hospitalised at paediatric clinics of a university hospital in Turkey. Ethical approval and consent from students, children, parents were obtained. Aesthetic Knowing education was given to students prior to study. Students wanted children to express what it meant to have chronic disease by painting (8) or article-poem-letter (17) based on their preferences. Focus group interview was done to learn experiences of students, recorded and themes (meaning of chronic disease for children, benefits of Aesthetic Knowing, experiences of students about using Aesthetic Knowing in nursing, contribution of Aesthetic Knowing to nursing) were determined after content analysis. Results Opinions of students about chronic disease were; fear, anxiety, concern, stress, anger, pain, feeling of guilt, impact on routines, school lives, life styles, quality of life, social and psychological support needs, future uncertainty, limitations of disease (medications, diet). Opinions of students about benefits of Aesthetic Knowing and its usage in nursing were; entering inner world of children, understanding feelings of pain, anger, guilt, increasing empathy, trust relations, communication, provision of holistic care, improving quality of care, integrating family into care, noticing patient needs, providing patient self-expression. Conclusions Aesthetic Knowing is recommended to use in nursing education and patient care to understand children reactions and direct care.