Mercêdes F. S. Araújo

New Criteria of Indication and Selection of Patients to Cochlear Implant

Numerous changes continue to occur in cochlear implant candidacy. In general, these have been accompanied by concomitant and satisfactory changes in surgical techniques. Together, this has advanced the utility and safety of cochlear implantation. Most devices are now approved for use in patients with severe to profound unilateral hearing loss rather then the prior requirement of a bilateral profound loss. Furthermore, studies have begun utilizing short electrode arrays for shallow insertion in patients with considerable low-frequency residual hearing. This technique will allow the recipient to continue to use acoustically amplified hearing for the low frequencies simultaneously with a cochlear implant for the high frequencies. The advances in design of, and indications for, cochlear implants have been matched by improvements in surgical techniques and decrease in complications. The resulting improvements in safety and efficacy have further encouraged the use of these devices. This paper will review the new concepts in the candidacy of cochlear implant. Medline data base was used to search articles dealing with the following topics: cochlear implant in younger children, cochlear implant and hearing preservation, cochlear implant for unilateral deafness and tinnitus, genetic hearing loss and cochlear implant, bilateral cochlear implant, neuropathy and cochlear implant and neural plasticity, and the selection of patients for cochlear implant.

Menière's syndrome and migraine: incidence in one family.

Since 1992, we have applied a standard questionnaire to all our Menieres syndrome patients. We ask about other family members affected by the symptoms and about the presence of the usual migraine symptoms. Through this questionnaire we have identified a family that has some members affected by Menieres syndrome alone, some others with associated migraine, and still others with migraine alone. Two members of this family started out with migraine and later in life developed Menieres syndrome. The genetic transmission follows an autosomal dominant pattern for both Menieres syndrome and migraine. We have interviewed and studied 19 affected persons from several generations of this family, who form the basis of this report. The possibility of a common autosomal dominant genetic determinant for Menieres syndrome and migraine and its implications for the causation of Menieres disease are discussed.

Viral Etiology for Inner Ear Diseases: Proven, Unproven, Unlikely

This is a revision article that deals with the broad field of inner ear disease caused by viral infections. Some of these entities have been proven to have a viral etiology. Others have strong evidence in favor of a viral causation but still cannot be considered as a viral disease. Finally, other entities are suggestive of a viral etiology but when the whole body of evidence is considered one concludes that a viral etiology is indeed unlikely. We review the literature and add our own experience in this subject. Clearly, the most important evidence about this subject came from the study of temporal bone histopathology. Certainly, we can learn much more if we continue to collect and study temporal bone specimens histopathologically.

Acknowledgement to Reviewers (Vol. 69, 2007)

Adunka Oliver, Chapel Hill, N.C. (USA) Basu Devray, Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Bayazit Yildirim A., Besevler, Ankara (Turkey) Beisel Kirk W., Omaha, Nebr. (USA) Birdsall Holly Hyde, Houston, Tex. (USA) Blumin Joel H., Milwaukee, Wisc. (USA) Boyev K. Paul, Tampa, Fla. (USA) Castellanos Paul F., Birmingham, Ala. (USA) Cernea Claudio R., São Paulo (Brazil) Chiu Alexander, Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Citardi Martin J., Cleveland, Ohio (USA) Cohen Noam, Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Cohen James, Portland, Oreg. (USA) Coltrera Marc D., Seattle, Wash. (USA) Darrow David H., Norfolk, Va. (USA) Doty Richard L., Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Eisen Marc, Baltimore, Md. (USA) Elden Lisa M., Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Eshraghi Adrien A., Miami, Fla. (USA) Ferguson Berrylin J., Pittsburgh, Pa. (USA) Francis Howard W., Baltimore, Md. (USA) Freeman Jeremy, Toronto, Ont. (Canada) Fried Marvin P., Bronx, N.Y. (USA) Gillespie M. Boyd, Charleston, S.C. (USA) Gleich Lyon L., Cincinnati, Ohio (USA) Guss Joel, Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Han Demin, Beijing (China) Hara Hirotaka, Yamaguchi (Japan) Harris Jeffrey P., San Diego, Calif. (USA) Hartnick Christopher, Boston, Mass. (USA) Hochmair Ingeborg, Innsbruck (Austria) Hoffer Michael E., San Diego, Calif. (USA) Holsinger Chris, Houston, Tex. (USA) Hörmann Karl, Mannheim (Germany) Hosemann Werner, Greifswald (Germany) Hüttenbrink K.-B., Köln (Germany) Iurato Salvatore, Bari (Italy) Jackman Alexis H., Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Kanzaki Sho, Tokyo (Japan) Kiefer Jan, München (Germany) Kil Jonathan, Seattle, Wash. (USA) Kokot Niels, Philadelphia, Pa. (USA) Lai Stephen Y., Pittsburgh, Pa. (USA) Larsen Christopher G., Kansas City, Kans. (USA)

P160: Bacteriology of Recurrent Tonsillitis

antibiotic therapy for the treatment of CRS in pediatric patients refractory to oral antibiotic therapy. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 23 patients who received treatment looking at the following: age, presenting signs and symptoms and their duration, medical and social history, maxillary sinus culture and sensitivity results, postoperative antibiotic treatment regimen and duration, whether resolution was achieved, length of follow-up, surgical and antibiotic-related complications and compliance with follow-up and therapy. RESULTS: Of patients without a documented immunodefiency, 18/19 (95%) had complete resolution of symptoms. Overall, clinical resolution was achieved in 18 of 23 (78%) patients. Long-term resolution was maintained in 13/15 (87%) of patients who resolved. No treatment-related complications were reported, and no patients in the study required FESS. CONCLUSIONS: A stepwise protocol that includes concurrent adenoidectomy and bilateral maxillary sinus irrigation followed by long-term double oral antibiotic therapy is effective for the treatment of pediatric CRS refractory to oral antibiotic therapy. Patients with immunodeficiency may require long-term IV therapy to achieve symptom resolution.