Meryem Yilmaz

Predictors of preoperative anxiety in surgical inpatients

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to identify the levels of preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing elective surgery and the relationship between preoperative anxiety and social support. In addition, predictors of preoperative anxiety were studied in surgical inpatients. BACKGROUND Major life changes are significant factors that cause anxiety; hospitalisation and surgery are among such changes. Social support may decrease the anxiety associated with surgery. DESIGN This is a descriptive study that included 500 patients in a surgery clinic. METHODS The data collected included: A Patient Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Surgical Anxiety Scale. The results were analysed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS; Five hundred patients participated in this research: 59·6% were female, 54·6% were 65 years of age or older, 80·6% were married, 70·4% were literate and 62% of the patients had moderate level surgery. There was a significant relationship between the sociodemographic patient features, the level of preoperative anxiety (p < 0·05), the presence of social support and the severity of anxiety (p = 0·001). The age and level of anxiety were not significant factors. The mean anxiety score for all patients was 31·91 (SD 6·30) and the mean social support score was 66·38 (SD 13·69). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the preoperative anxiety of patients awaiting surgery was associated with demographic characteristics as well as social support resources. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Anxiety testing is feasible during the preoperative period. Such testing allows for the detection of patients with high anxiety, and for clinicians to take the appropriate steps to ameliorate this problem. Identification of patient anxiety allows for providing a focus on social support in an attempt to reduce the level of anxiety.

The efficacy of integrating spirituality into undergraduate nursing curricula

Background: Attention to patients’ spirituality, as a moral obligation of care, is now widely accepted in nursing practice. However, until recently, many nursing programs have paid little attention to spirituality. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the impact of two different curricula, used to teach undergraduate nursing students, on increasing nursing student awareness of spirituality in the care of patients. Research design: A quasi-experimental post-intervention two-group design was conducted in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 academic years. Participants and research context: The study included a total of 130 volunteer senior-year students. The students were assigned as “the intervention group/integrated system” that were informed about spirituality or as “the control group/traditional system” that received no information on spirituality. Data were collected via a personal information form and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale was used to assess responses. The study was conducted at the Department of Nursing of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, in Central Anatolia/Turkey. Ethical considerations: Permission to conduct the study at the nursing school was obtained from the schools’ management teams. The rights of the participants were protected in this study by obtaining informed consent. Findings: The results revealed that the intervention group had a higher mean score on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale than did the control group. The students in the intervention group defined the terms of spirituality and spiritual care more accurately than did the control group students. Discussion: Nurses are professionally and ethically responsible for providing spiritual care. Nurses’ competence in meeting the spiritual needs of their patients should be improved by undergraduate education on spiritual care. Nursing scholars reported a significant difference in the knowledge and attitudes toward spirituality of nursing students as a result of the integration of spirituality into the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Conclusion: Spirituality should be more widely included in nursing education.

Turkish translation and adaptation of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for breast cancer mammography screening.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the translation and adaptation process from English to Turkish and the validity and reliability of the Champions Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening. Its aim (1) is to provide data about and (2) to assess Turkish womens attitudes and behaviours towards mammography. BACKGROUND The proportion of women who have mammography is lower in Turkey. The Champions Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening-Turkish version can be helpful to determine Turkish womens health beliefs, particularly about mammography. DESIGN Cross-sectional design was used to collect survey data from Turkish women: classical measurement method. METHODS The Champions Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening was translated from English to Turkish. Again, it was back translated into English. Later, the meaning and clarity of the scale items were evaluated by a bilingual group representing the culture of the target population. Finally, the tool was evaluated by two bilingual professional researchers in terms of content validity, translation validity and psychometric estimates of the validity and reliability. The analysis included a total of 209 Turkish women. The validity of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity testing. RESULTS The Champions Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening aligned to four factors that were coherent and relatively independent of each other. There was a statistically significant relationship among all of the subscale items: the positive and high correlation of the total item test score and high Cronbachs α. The scale has a strong stability over time: the Champions Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening demonstrated acceptable preliminary values of reliability and validity. CONCLUSION The Champions Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening is both a reliable and valid instrument that can be useful in measuring the health beliefs of Turkish women. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE It can be used to provide data about healthcare practices required for mammography screening and breast cancer prevention. This scale will show nurses that nursing intervention planning is essential for increasing Turkish womens participation in mammography screening.

The Effects of Training on Knowledge and Beliefs About Breast Cancer and Early Diagnosis Methods Among Women

OBJECTIVE Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female malignancy in the world and Turkey. Its prevalence and mortality are surprisingly increasing at a rapid rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training sessions on womens knowledge of relevant risk factors of BC and screening methods, screening behaviors and health beliefs among of healthy women in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, in order to establish the efficiency of BC training, a semi-empirical single group pre-test & post-test research model was used. The data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and by using the Turkish version of Champions health belief model scale (CHBMS). The pre-test was performed before the training and after one week of the training, post-test was performed with a questionnaire having the same content. RESULTS In total, 244 women participated in the study. The average age of the women was 39.44 (SD=1.06) years. The mean total knowledge score increased significantly (p<.001) from 9.05 in the pre-test to 16.53 in the post-test. The results showed that both mean knowledge scores and CHBMS subscales scores of the women were increased significantly (p<.001) from the pre-test to the post-test. In multiple linear regression analysis, BC screening knowledge of women with susceptibility, benefit, self-efficacy and health motivation subscales of CHBMS, breast self-examination (BSE) practice and self-efficacy were also significant in the post-test; in the pre- and post-tests, a significant relationship among the level of education of women, susceptibility and seriousness was found (p<.001). CONCLUSION The study showed that the training program had profound effects on BC knowledge, screening behaviors and health beliefs of women.

The Effect on Quality of Life and Body Image of Mastectomy Among Breast Cancer Survivors

Objective The objective of the present study was to determine effect on quality of life (QoL) and body image level following mastectomy among breast cancer (BC) survivors. Materials and Methods In this descriptive study was carried out between February 2015 and December 2016 with 57 women with modified radical mastectomy and who in stage II and stage III. Data were collected using the socio-demographic and body cathexis scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) to determine QoL. The study was carried out in home environment in which women lived. Results The average age of the women was 49.34 years (ranged 28-78 years). Most of the women had undergone mastectomy for more than 6 months.. Most of the women also received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The study showed that the mean FACT-B total score of the women was 68.47 (SD=22.44), and the body image score was 121.61(SD=21.96). According to the results of linear regression analysis, except for the social/family well-being of FACT-B, positive correlations were calculated among the other sub-dimensions of FACT-B and the FACT-B total score and the body image total score respectively (β=0.822, p=0.000). In the multiple linear regression model, there was medium correlation between education and work status with QoL, no correlation between QoL and other features of women. There was important positive relationship between body image with time after mastectomy and chemotherapy and no correlation between body image and other features of women. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the mastectomy has a negative impact on body image and QoL of women and there was a strong positive correlation between body image and QoL.

Beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of Turkish women about mammography screening according to a Turkish version of the champion?s health belief model scales-mammography screening

T doors of emergency constitute an important observatory of the population’s health status and health system performance. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for services in emergency care, but there is a low investment in human resources and permanent education projects that improve the quality of professionals working in these services and in the care provided to the population. This study aims to identify the use of permanent and/or continuing education as management strategies in the service of Mobile Emergency Care of a city in the state of Sao Paulo-Brazil, in view of the coordinator and the nursing staff. It is a qualitative study that used the thematic content analysis proposed by Bardin for data analysis. Interviews were conducted with 7 nurses, 22 nursing assistants and team coordinator. The present study found that permanent education is still incipient in this service and that workers are not aware about the difference between this strategy and continuing education. There are gaps in communication and supervision as well as incipient use of protocols. The educational needs reported by the workers have not been addressed, since there is little participation or debate. Thus, to have an improvement in quality of care, emergency services required the listening to the difficulties pointed out by workers, the development of more frequent educational activities focusing on the reality of the service, besides the use of permanent education as a strategy to resolve the problems. Andrea Bernardes et al., J Nurs Care 2013, 2:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1168.S1.003Background: Frequent attendance in emergency department (ED) and subsequent hospitalization are common for COPD patients who live in the community. A program ‘We-Care’ was implemented in an emergency medical ward (EMW) since 2009 to provide a seamless support for older patients who had chronic disease. Discharge planning and health education on own chronic disease management and continual support by community nurse or Community Geriatric Multidisciplinary Team Service is highly emphasized on discharge. The program aims to provide quality continual care, reduce avoidable ED re-attendance and hospitalization among patients with chronic disease and to decrease healthcare burden. Sampling Methods: Retrospective analysis of hospital data is performed. All COPD patients who were cared by this program were eligible for study from mid 2009-mid 2012. The demographic information, clinical information, ED attendance and length of stay (LOS) in EMW were analyzed. Results: A total of 3600 patients with chronic disease received the program while 813 patients were patients with COPD. Of COPD patients, the mean age was 79.12 (SD 7.34, median 80) and 84% (n=683) were male. 59.7% COPD patients were discharged home directly from EMW and the mean LOS of EMW was 1.27 days (SD 0.59). COPD patient’s ED re-attendance rate within 48 hours was 1.84% (n=15). Conclusions: The study results support the effectiveness of the program ‘We-Care’ in reducing ED re-admission and avoidable hospitalization for patients with COPD. Provision of home health care advice and continual professional support may be important for older patients with COPD. Eliza ML Wong, J Nurs Care 2013, 2:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1168.S1.003B this investigation during the reception experienced in an emergency care (PA) basic unit of district health, health center s medical school, Ribeirao Preto-USP, where we could see that the same users looking at higher frequency service, without the character of urgency or emergency, resulting in a greater demand service that supports and without the effective outcomes of primary health. We think that in the basic health unit, the users did not find the resolution of the problem, did not link with the team, did not have access to the service or the care was not fully, between other possibilities. From these assumptions, we assume that accessibility to health services may be one of the causes triggering to the justification for seeking emergency care and even if the emergency service, the service meets the users considered non-urgent, resulting in increased demand for emergency care. This can cause difficulties for the team that cannot provide a friendly service through orientations about the existence of other services available in the basic attention to health monitoring. We aim with this study to analyze to demand for emergency care at the west of the district health the municipality of Ribeirao Preto, the viewpoint of users. It is a quantitative and qualitative approach about the users who sought emergency care. We collect data from 330 medical records of emergency care , in order to characterize users assisted in the emergency care, about whether a man or woman, will age, the neighborhood of provenance, the justification for seeking, will conduct and referrals. We semi structured interview with 23 users of emergency care addressing questions related to accessibility access to care and health services, and aspects of the care, the resolution of health needs of the reason for seeking emergency care and comprehensive health care to health. As results, found that the delay for serving and scheduling of consultations in the primary care are a major reason for seeking emergency care to; easier access to technology and medication in the emergency room also justified the preference for this service. Opening hours coinciding with the day s work also brought difficulties of users to schedule or seek care in the primary. Obtaining medical care can still have a strong influence on satisfaction that the user is a health service. Conclude that there have been several reasons for the demand for emergency care and understand that, if these users were welcomed and had access to basic care unit, (USF) health and, consequently, the demand for emergency care would tend to decrease with greater peace and meet urgencies and emergencies. Ione Carvalho Pinto et al., J Nurs Care 2013, 2:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1168.S1.003