Miaomiao Cao

Three-dimensional theory of Smith-Purcell free-electron laser with dielectric loaded grating

A dielectric loaded rectangular grating for Smith-Purcell devices is proposed in this paper. Regarding the electron beam as a moving plasma dielectric, a three dimensional (3D) linear theory of beam-wave interaction is developed. The first and second order growth rates are calculated, which are obtained by expanding hot dispersion equation at synchronous point. The results show that the cutoff frequency is affected by grating width. The dispersion curve becomes flatter and shifts towards lower frequency by loading dielectric in grooves. The simulation results, which are obtained by a 3D particle-in-cell code, are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Compared the first and second order growth rate, it shows that the discrepancy is large when beam parameters are selected with high values. In this case, it is necessary to apply the second order growth rate, which can accurately describe the process of beam-wave interaction.

Dispersion Characteristics of Two-Beam Folded Waveguide for Terahertz Radiation

A novel type of slow-wave structure, two-beam folded waveguide (FW) operating at terahertz (THz) band, is presented in this paper. The propagating characteristics of two-beam FW are investigated. Results of different methods including field matching and equivalent circuit are compared for the calculating dispersion of two-beam FW for THz radiation. The equivalent circuit model considers the circular bends and beam tunnels without electron beams. Field matching analysis considers both of the electron beams and the circular bends. Moreover, results from CST microwave studio simulations are compared with above different methods to find a sufficiently accurate prediction of dispersion of two-beam FW.

Dispersion characteristics of three-dimensional dielectric-loaded grating for terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation

In this paper, a dielectric-loaded grating for Smith-Purcell device is proposed. The three-dimensional (3D) analytical theory for hot dispersion relation is obtained by using field matched method, which is solved by numerical simulations. The first and second order growth rates for the proposal model are analyzed, which is obtained by expanding hot dispersion equation at the operating point. The results show that the dispersion can be effectively weakened by introducing dielectric-loaded grating, in which the cutoff frequency is affected by the grating thickness. The dispersion curve becomes flatter and shifts towards lower frequency at the optimum grating parameters. The 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is also performed and the results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Comparing the first order growth rate with the second one, it reveals that the discrepancy is small when electron beam parameters are selected with small values. Otherwise, the discrepancy is large and cannot be ignored. To accurately describe the process of beam-wave interaction, the second order growth rate is necessary to apply.

Start current of dielectric-loaded grating in Smith-Purcell radiation

In this paper, a three-dimensional dielectric loaded grating (DLG) is proposed for the Smith-Purcell (SP) device. Taking into the considerations of thickness and width of electron beam, the dispersion equation is derived by using field matches method. The complex frequency is obtained by the numerical solution of dispersion equation, in which the imaginary part represents linear growth rate. The impacts of the electron beam filling factor (EBFF) on growth rate are discussed under the condition that the beam current and beam current density are kept as constants, respectively. In addition, the start current for SP oscillator is obtained by using the dispersion relation combined with boundary conditions. The relationship between the start current and other parameters is discussed and compared with the conventional metal grating. The results show that with the increasing of EBFF, the peak growth rate increases rapidly firstly and then decreases slowly, in which the current and current density are kept as con...

Dispersion characteristics of planar grating with arbitrary grooves for terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation

In this paper, a novel method of getting the dispersion relations in planar grating with arbitrary grooves for terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation is investigated analytically. The continuous profile of the groove is approximately replaced by a series of rectangular steps. By making use of field matches method and the continuity of transverse admittance, the universal dispersion equation for grating with arbitrarily shaped grooves is derived. By solving the dispersion equation in presence of electron beam, the growth rate is obtained directly and the dependence on beam parameters is analyzed. Comparisons of the dispersion characteristics among some special groove shapes have been made by numerical calculation. The results show that the rectangular-step approximation method provides a novel approach to obtain the universal dispersion relation for grating with arbitrary grooves for Smith-Purcell radiation.

Enhancement of the output power of terahertz folded waveguide oscillator by two parallel electron beams

A novel two-beam folded waveguide (FW) oscillator is presented for the purpose of gaining higher power with a small-size circuit compared with the normal FW oscillator. The high-frequency characteristics of the two-beam FW, including dispersion and interaction impedance, were investigated by the numerical simulation and compared with the one-beam FW. The radio-frequency loss of the two-beam FW was also analyzed. A 3-D particle-in-cell code CHIPIC was applied to analyze and optimize the performance of a G-band two-beam FW oscillator. The influences of the distance between the two beam tunnels, beam voltage, the number of periods, magnetic field, radius of beam tunnel, and the packing ratio on the circuit performance are investigated in detail. Compared with a one-beam circuit, a larger output power of the two-beam circuit with the same beam power was observed by the simulation. Moreover, the start-oscillation current of two-beam circuit is much lower than the one-beam circuit with better performance. It wi...

A nonlinear analysis of the terahertz serpentine waveguide traveling-wave amplifier

A nonlinear model for the numerical simulation of terahertz serpentine waveguide traveling-wave tube (SW-TWT) is described. In this model, the electromagnetic wave transmission in the SW is represented as an infinite set of space harmonics to interact with an electron beam. Analytical expressions for axial electric fields in axisymmetric interaction gaps of SW-TWTs are derived and compared with the results from CST simulation. The continuous beam is treated as discrete macro-particles with different initial phases. The beam-tunnel field equations, space-charge field equations, and motion equations are combined to solve the beam-wave interaction. The influence of backward wave and relativistic effect is also considered in the series of equations. The nonlinear model is used to design a 340 GHz SW-TWT. Several favorable comparisons of model predictions with results from a 3-D Particle-in-cell simulation code CHIPIC are presented, in which the output power versus beam voltage and interaction periods are illu...

Enhance the terahertz Smith-Purcell superradiant radiation by using dielectric loaded grating

A dielectric loaded grating (DLG) for terahertz Smith-Purcell (SP) device is proposed to enhance the radiation intensity. By using the theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations, the dispersion characteristics and SP superradiant radiation are investigated. Compared with the general metal grating, the usage of DLG can improve the magnitude of electric field and, consequently, strengthen the interaction of the evanescent wave with electron beam, which can improve the growth rate, enhance the SP superradiant radiation, and lower the start current for the operation of SP free-electron laser.

Simulation of terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation for dielectric loaded grating using continuous beam

This paper presents a simulation of Smith-Purcell (SP) radiation from dielectric loaded grating (DLG) at terahertz frequencies, which is performed by using a two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The simulation supposes a continuous electron beam passing over a DLG and metal grating, respectively. The results show that compared with metal grating, the usage of DLG can enhance the radiation intensity.

Design and simulation of 220GHz two-beam overmoded two-section cascaded folded waveguide traveling wave tube

The paper presents a novel cascaded folded waveguide traveling wave tube (FW-TWT) interacting with two beams operating at TE20 mode. This cascaded structure is constructed by two sections. The downstairs section interacts with the two beams to amplify the signal initially. It also provides the upstairs section with small input power. The upstairs section continues to amplifying the signal. Both the two sections adopt two beams and operating at TE20 mode.