Michael A. Morris

Fisheries development in the Third World: The role of international agencies

Abstract International development assistance agencies play an important role in the transfer of scientific and technical information. Inevitably, information, tools and processes are laden with values reflecting the culture and society of origin. Recipient developing nations do not necessarily share either the cultural values or the societal mechanisms which give rise to and make useful technologies developed in the West. This paper examines the impact of internationally sponsored development of Third World marine fisheries, where capital-intensive technological innovations (frequently oriented to export markets) have had a negative effect on small-scale fishermen who comprise the vast majority of those employed in the fisheries sector. The argument is advanced that fisheries development efforts must be balanced by resource management policies which take into account traditional resource use rights of small-scale fishermen.

Maritime geopolitics in Latin America

Abstract Latin American conflicts have been proliferating in recent years, and have been aggravated by a regionwide trend towards militarization. Particularly ominous is the worsening of some traditional disputes as well as the emergence of new disputes whose causes have been multifaceted and interlocking. Since conflicts have become increasingly disruptive of regional order and even threaten to weaken further the already precarious global order, it is imperative to understand the dynamics of these conflicts and the geopolitical thinking underlying many of them. Maritime geopolitics in Latin America are distinctive both in general terms and more specifically as expressed in the subregional contexts of the Caribbean Basin and South America. The conflicts themselves are distinctive, as are great power naval/maritime involvement and the hierarchy of local maritime and naval capabilities. Unfortunately, insufficient attention has been given to maritime aspects of Latin American geopolitical conflicts. This paper aspires to help correct this deficiency.

Words of the world: The global language system

Abram De Swaan , Words of the world: The global language system . Cambridge: Polity Press and Blackwell, 2001. Pp. xi, 253. Hb.

Conclusions and Comparisons

33.95. There is a global language system that is a neglected part of the overall international system, according to Abram de Swaan, chairman of the Amsterdam School of Social Science Research at the University of Amsterdam. This book analyzes the nature of that global system in the first three chapters, followed by five chapters of case studies and ending with a chapter of “Conclusions and considerations.” The concept of a global language system has been articulated by the author in some previous articles, but the treatment here is much more systematic and complete, and as a result more impressive. In a word, this book is important and deserves very careful attention.

Southern Cone maritime security after the 1984 Argentine‐Chilean treaty of peace and friendship

Each chapter of this study has dealt with a separate theme relating to Caribbean maritime security, and specific conclusions about each theme have been presented at the end of each chapter. This final chapter synthesises and extends these various conclusions. Overall conclusions will focus on two groups of trends in Caribbean maritime security, which have been assessed throughout the study — issues and actors.

The domestic context of Brazilian maritime policy

Abstract The Southern Cone of South America and the adjacent regions of the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans, as well as the opposite regions of the Antarctic, present some difficult legal, political, economic, and military problems. As the tip of the Southern Cone has been conflict prone, the political and military interests of Argentina and Chile have tended to predominate. The 1984 Argentine‐Chilean Treaty of Peace and Friendship was a significant achievement in conflict resolution, and could lead to greater economic, political and even military cooperation between the two states. Nonetheless, the general area at the tip of the Southern Cone remains conflict prone as evidenced in part by the conflicts over the Falklands/Malvinas Islands, the Beagle Channel, the Drake Passage, and the Antarctic.

The politics of Caribbean Straits

Abstract The domestic context of Brazils emerging maritime policy is discussed from three perspectives. Basic national policy guidelines are examined first, with particular attention given to their, influence in shaping maritime policy. Bureaucratic politics has shaped, and been shaped by, these guidelines, and is examined in a subsequent section. International politics, too, has played an important role in shaping Brazilian maritime policy, and its relationship to the domestic context is explored in a final section. The crucial decision to extend the territorial sea to 200 mi in 1970, including its historical background and aftermath, illustrates these forces shaping maritime policy. Other maritime issues are analyzed to illustrate these forces when relevant. It is acknowledged that Brazils prominent position in the South Atlantic has not led it to become a maritime‐oriented state. Increasing efforts have nevertheless been made during the past decade to utilize ocean space and the resources of the sea ...

The Hierarchy of Naval Capability

Abstract For a variety of reasons the Caribbean basin has emerged as a particularly volatile region of the Third World with many potential sources of conflict. The expansion of some local navies and intensified competition between the Soviet Union and the United States further complicate a conflict‐prone situation. Many weak states with token navies, including most Caribbean straits states, are highly unstable, being vulnerable both to domestic strife and to international rivalry. Superpower strategies toward Caribbean straits states have nonetheless remained fairly restrained, although U.S.‐U.S.S.R. competition in this area is intensifying. For example, the Reagan Administration has identified and reacted to alleged global implications of a Soviet bloc threat to Caribbean straits and sea lanes. It will not be easy to wind down this rhetoric, but evidence to the contrary may dissipate public anxiety and lead to cooperative measures to assist in the emergence of a more stable and mutually acceptable region...

Ethics, Political Symbols, and Comparative Cultural Analysis: The Case of Chile

General patterns in the structure and setting of more than one hundred Third-World navies may be studied by ranking these navies within a hierarchy divided into six groups. Each Third-World navy has, of course, its peculiarities but important patterns nevertheless emerge from the application of the hierarchical model. Though some Third-World navies have been included for selected purposes in two specific attempts to derive a global naval hierarchy, there has been no previous systematic attempt to develop and justify a Third-World naval hierarchy. The two attempts suffer from important shortcomings which are enumerated in Appendices 2D and 2E.

Caribbean Drug Trafficking

This article is about culture, politics, ethics, and symbolism in Chile. More precisely, it is a case study on the relationship among these factors, gleaned from surveys conducted in 2010 and 2012 of Chilean college students and faculty. This survey is part of an overall multiyear and multination study examining the connections among symbols, language, culture, and ethics. In the Chilean case, the concern is with identifying the structure of political symbolism in building, communicating, and cultivating ethical responses. This article equally highlights an interdisciplinary approach that builds on the respective disciplines of the authors: public administration (Smith), international relations and comparative politics (Morris), and economics (Riveros).