Michael Aceto

Ethnic personal names and multiple identities in anglophone Caribbean speech communities in Latin America

This study investigates the generation and maintenance of multiple personal names in an Anglophone Creole-speaking community of Panama. Nearly every Afro-Panamanian resident of the island of Bastimentos has two given names, one Spanish-derived and the other Creole-derived. The Creole or ethnic name is virtually the exclusive name used locally for reference and address. It is argued that these ethnic names are preferred for reference and address because they reflexively define who members of this speech community are in terms of culture and ancestry. A typology of nicknames and pseudonyms as well as a brief cross-cultural presentation of multiple or alternative personal names is provided. Ethnic name usage in Bastimentos is discussed within an acts of identity framework. (Creole, Panama, ethnicity, nicknames, pseudonyms, identity, onomastics)*

London Jamaican : Language systems in interaction

1. Introduction: Creole comes to Britain 2. In search of London Jamaican 3. Continuum and variation - approaches to describing Creole 4. London Jamaican... 5. ...or Black London English? 6. Language within the family 7. Code switching in converstion 8. The many-personed speaker 9. Epilogue: Creole and the future - the language of education. Appendices: the two systems the converstions.

Focus and grammatical relations in Creole languages

1. Acknowledgements 2. Contents 3. Introduction: Focus and Grammatical Relations in Creole Languages (by Byrne, Francis) 4. 1. Verb Focus, predicate Clefting and Predicate Doubling 5. Verb focus in the Typology of Kwa/Kru and Haitian (by Manfredi, Victor) 6. The Question of Predicate Clefting in the Indian Ocean Creoles (by Seuren, Pieter A.M.) 7. Two Types of predicate Doubling Adverbs in Haitian Creole (by Lefebvre, Claire) 8. 2. Focus and anti-focus 9. Scope of Negation and Focus in Gullah (by Mufwene, Salikoko S.) 10. Focus in Tok Pisin (by Sankoff, Gillian) 11. What is it that you said? A study of Obligatory Focalization in Two Creoles and Beyond (by Kihm, Alain) 12. Anti-Focus in Yor*bss: Some Implications for Creoles (by Oyelaran, Olasope O.) 13. 3. Focus and Pronominals 14. Subject Focus and Pronouns (by Bickerton, Derek) 15. Focus, Emphasis and Pronominals in Saramaccan (by Byrne, Francis) 16. 4. Discourse Patterning 17. Focus, Topic Particles and Discourse Markers in the Belizean Creole Continuum (by Escure, Genevieve) 18. Foregrounding and Backgrounding in Haitian Creole Discourse (by Spears, Arthur K.) 19. 5. Grammatical Relations 20. Expletives in Double-Object Constructions in Haitian Creole (by Lumsden, John S.) 21. Reflexives of Ibero-Romance Reflexive Clitic + Verb Combinations in Papiamentu: Thematic Grids and Grammatical Relations (by Muysken, Pieter) 22. Author Index 23. Language Index 24. Subject Index

Variation in a secret creole language of Panama

This article describes a secret language called Gypsy spoken in an English-derived creole speech community on the Caribbean island of Bastimentos in Panama. Data from this cryptolect are used as a means to examine language variation on the island. This article highlights the fact that a range of English-derived creole varieties exists in Bastimentos, lacking the effects of a lexically related metropolitan variety in the same geographical area. (Creole, cryptolect, Panama, secret language, speech specific contexts illustrate some of its more common uses: children who wish to exclude other children from their peer group, students who wish to speak covertly in front of teachers, parents who wish to speak privately in front of children, and residents (adults or otherwise) who wish to speak without being understood in front of outsiders who may understand the local creole vari- ety. In fact, it is in this last context that I first became aware of the existence of Gypsy: Some speakers realized that I understood a good deal of the local creole, and thus wished, for several reasons, to speak in front of me with- out my understanding what was being said. Here I describe this secret language and also provide some explanation of lexical, phonological, and syntactic variation found between the creole and corresponding cryptolect utterances. All syllables in Gypsy are based on the manipulation of English-derived creole input syllables, and the subsequent creation of new syllables built around the consonantal phoneme /g/. For example, a creole utterance such as /we im de/ Where is he/she? often becomes /weger higim igiz/, which, if one reverses the phonological rules of the cryptolect, reveals /wer him iz/, a commonly heard structural and

A new creole future tense marker emerges in the Panamanian West Indies

LA. decrit lemergence dun nouveau marqueur pour le futur dans le creole de Bastimentos, une variete du creole anglais panameen. En examinant lorigine du marqueur gwainan, une des multiples variantes que possede le creole de Bastimentos pour marquer le futur, il montre quil sagit dune innovation locale sans rapport avec des phenomenes de contact areal. Il analyse ensuite la variation dans les marqueurs du futur en creole de Bastimentos afin de demontrer que la variation structurale synchronique dans ce creole donne un apercu du developpement diachronique des formes comme gwainan qui nont encore jamais ete attestees dans les etudes sur les varietes creoles ou dialectales de langlais parle dans lhemisphere occidentale

The English Languages

Introduction Acknowledgements 1. Organized Babel 2. A universal resource 3. Cracks in the academic monolith 4. Models of English 5. Standardness 6. Scots and Southron 7. Substrates and superstrates 8. The Latin analogy 9. The shapes of English Index.

English as a Global Language

Preface 1. Why a global language? 2. Why English? The historical context 3. Why English? The cultural foundation 4. Why English? The cultural legacy 5. The future of global English References Index List of tables.