Michael Fil'chenkov

Universes inside a Λ black hole

Abstract We address the question of universes inside a Λ black hole which is described by a spherically symmetric globally regular solution to the Einstein equations with a variable cosmological term Λ μν , asymptotically Λg μν as r →0 with Λ of the scale of symmetry restoration. Global structure of spacetime contains an infinite sequence of black and white holes, vacuum regular cores and asymptotically flat universes. Regular core of a Λ white hole models the initial stages of the Universe evolution. In this model it starts from a nonsingular nonsimultaneous big bang, which is followed by a Kasner-type anisotropic expansion. Creation of a mass occurs mostly at the anisotropic stage of quick decay of the initial vacuum energy. We estimate also the probability of quantum birth of baby universes inside a Λ black hole due to quantum instability of the de Sitter vacuum.

Electromagnetic and gravitational radiation of graviatoms

The conditions for the existence of a graviatom have been found. The graviatoms (quantum systems around mini-black-holes) satisfying these conditions contain the following charged particles: the electron, muon, tau lepton, wino, pion and kaon. Electric dipole and quadrupole radiation and gravitational radiation are calculated for the graviatoms and compared with the Hawking mini-hole radiation.

Quantum birth of a hot universe

Abstract We consider the quantum birth of a hot FRW universe from a vacuum-dominated quantum fluctuation with admixture of radiation and strings which corresponds to quantum tunnelling from a discrete energy level with a non-zero temperature. The presence of strings with the equation of state p=−e/3 mimics a positive curvature term which makes it possible, in the case of a negative deficit angle, the quantum birth of an open and a flat universe. In the pre-de-Sitter domain radiation energy levels are quantized. We calculate the temperature spectrum and estimate the range of the model parameters restricting temperature fluctuations by the observational constraint on the CMB anisotropy. For the GUT scale of initial de Sitter vacuum the lower limit on temperature at the start of classical evolution is close to the values as predicted by reheating theories, while the upper limit is far from the threshold for a monopole rest mass.

Gauge-noninvariance of quantum cosmology and vacuum dark energy

Abstract We address the question how to adapt cosmological constant Λ for description of a vacuum dark energy density jumping from the big initial value to the small today value suggested by observations. We find such a possibility in the gauge-noninvariance of quantum cosmology which leads to a connection between a choice of the gauge and quantum spectrum for a certain physical quantity which can be specified in the framework of the minisuperspace model. We introduce a particular gauge in which the cosmological constant Λ is quantized and show that making a measurement of Λ today one can find its small value with the biggest probability, while at the beginning of the evolution, the biggest probability corresponds to its biggest value. Transitions between quantum levels of Λ in the course of the Universe evolution, could be related to several scales for symmetry breaking.

QUANTUM ORIGIN OF A HOT UNIVERSE

We present the results on the quantum birth of a hot FRW universe in de Sitter vacuum from a quantum fluctuation which contains radiation and strings or some quintessence with the equation of state p=-e/3.The presence of radiation results in quantum tunnelling from a discrete energy level with a non-zero quantized temperature. Energy levels have non-zero width corresponding to temperature fluctuations. The observational constraint on the CMB anisotropy selects the admissible range of the model parameters. For the GUT scale initial de Sitter vacuum, the lower limit on temperature at the start of classical evolution is close to the values predicted by theories of reheating, while an upper limit is far from the threshold for a monopole rest mass. The probability of quantum birth from a level of non-zero energy is much bigger than the probability of quantum birth from nothing. The presence of material with p=-e/3 mimics a positive curvature term which makes possible quantum tunnelling for an open and a flat universe. Most plausible case is a flat universe arising from an initial fluctuation with a small admixture of radiation and strings with the negative deficit angle.