Michael Huh

High Rotation Number Effects on Heat Transfer in a Rectangular (AR=2:1) Two-Pass Channel

This paper experimentally investigated the rotational effects on heat transfer in a smooth two-pass rectangular channel (AR=2: 1), which is applicable to the cooling passages in the midportion of the gas turbine blade. The test channel has radially outward flow in the first passage and radially inward flow in the second passage after a 180 deg sharp turn. In the first passage, the flow is developing and heat transfer is increased compared with the fully developed case. Rotation slightly reduces the heat transfer on the leading surface and increases heat transfer on the trailing surface in the first pass. Heat transfer is highly increased by rotation in the turn portion of the first pass on both leading and trailing surfaces. Rotation increased heat transfer enhancement in the tip region up to a maximum Nu ratio (Nu/Nu s ) of 1.83. In the second passage, under rotating conditions, the leading surface experienced heat transfer enhancements above the stationary case while the trailing surface decreased. The current study has more than four times the range of the rotation number previously achieved for the 2:1 aspect ratio channel. The increased range of the rotation number and buoyancy parameter reached in this study are 0―0.45 and 0―0.8, respectively. The higher rotation number and buoyancy parameter have been correlated very well to predict the rotational heat transfer in the two-pass, 2:1 aspect ratio flow channel.

Heat Transfer in Trailing-Edge Channels with Slot Ejection Under High Rotation Numbers

The regionally averaged heat transfer coefficients were measured in a wedge-shaped channel (D h = 2.22 cm, A c = 7.62 cm 2 ) to model an internal cooling passage near the trailing edge of a gas turbine blade. This test section was configured so that the inlet coolant exhausts through the slots to simulate the trailing-edge ejection. Therefore, the local mass flow rate decreases along the streamwise direction due to the coolant discharging through the slots. The effects of slot ejection enhance heat transfer near the narrow side while decreasing heat transfer on the wide side of the channel at the stationary condition. The inlet Reynolds number of the coolant varies from 10,000 to 40,000, and the rotational speeds vary from 0 to 500 rpm. The inlet rotation number varies from 0 to 1.0. The local rotation number and buoyancy parameter vary by the different rotational speeds and local Reynolds number in each region. Detailed spanwise and streamwise heat transfer distributions are strongly affected by the slot ejection at both the stationary and rotating conditions. This study shows that the rotation number and buoyancy parameter are useful parameters to correlate the effect of rotation on heat transfer in the current study.

Heat Transfer in Leading Edge, Triangular Shaped Cooling Channels With Angled Ribs Under High Rotation Numbers

The gas turbine blade/vane internal cooling is achieved by circulating compressed air through the cooling channels inside the turbine blade. Cooling channel geometries vary to fit the blade profile. This paper experimentally investigated the rotational effects on heat transfer in an equilateral triangular channel (D h =1.83 cm). The triangular shaped channel is applicable to the leading edge of the gas turbine blade. Angled 45 deg ribs are placed on the leading and trailing surfaces of the test section to enhance heat transfer. The rib pitch-to-rib height ratio (P/e) is 8 and the rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio (e/D h ) is 0.087. Effect of the angled ribs under high rotation numbers and buoyancy parameters is also presented. Results show that due to the radially outward flow, heat transfer is enhanced with rotation on the trailing surface. By varying the Reynolds numbers (10,000-40,000) and the rotational speeds (0-400 rpm), the rotation number and buoyancy parameter reached in this study are 0-0.58 and 0-1.9, respectively. The higher rotation number and buoyancy parameter correlate very well and can be used to predict the rotational heat transfer in the equilateral triangular channel.

Effect of Rib Spacing on Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Rectangular Channel (AR=1:4) With a Sharp Entrance at High Rotation Numbers

The focus of the current study was to determine the effects of rib spacing on heat transfer in rotating 1:4 AR channels. In the current study, heat transfer experiments were performed in a two-pass, 1:4 aspect ratio channel, with a sharp bend entrance. The channel leading and trailing walls in the first pass and second pass utilized angled rib turbulators (45° to the mainstream flow). The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh ) was held constant at 0.078. The channel was oriented 90° to the direction of rotation. Three rib pitch-to-rib height ratios (P/e) were studied: P/e = 2.5, 5, and 10. Each ratio was tested at five Reynolds numbers: 10K, 15K, 20K, 30K and 40K. For each Reynolds number, experiments were conducted at five rotational speeds: 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 rpm. Results showed that the sharp bend entrance has a significant effect on the first pass heat transfer enhancement. In the second pass, the rib spacing and rotation effect are reduced. The P/e = 10 case had the highest heat transfer enhancement based on total area, whereas the P/e = 2.5 had the highest heat transfer enhancement based on the projected area. The current study has extended the range of the rotation number (Ro) and local buoyancy parameter (Box ) for a ribbed 1:4 aspect ratio channel up to 0.65 and 1.5, respectively. Correlations for predicting heat transfer enhancement, due to rotation, in the ribbed (P/e = 2.5, 5, and 10) 1:4 aspect ratio channel, based on the extended range of the rotation number and buoyancy parameter, are presented in the paper.Copyright

High Rotation Number Effect on Heat Transfer in a Triangular Channel With 45 deg, Inverted 45 deg, and 90 deg Ribs

Heat transfer and pressure drop have been experimentally investigated in an equilateral triangular channel (D h =1.83 cm), which can be used to simulate the internal cooling passage near the leading edge of a gas turbine blade. Three different rib configurations (45 deg, inverted 45 deg, and 90 deg) were tested at four different Reynolds numbers (10,000-40,000), each with five different rotational speeds (0―400 rpm). The rib pitch-to-height (Ple) ratio is 8 and the height-to-hydraulic diameter (e/D h ) ratio is 0.087 for every rib configuration. The rotation number and buoyancy parameter achieved in this study were 0―0.58 and 0―2.3, respectively. Both the rotation number and buoyancy parameter have been correlated with predict the rotational heat transfer in the ribbed equilateral triangular channel. For the stationary condition, staggered 45 deg angled ribs show the highest heat transfer enhancement. However, staggered 45 deg angled ribs and 90 deg ribs have the higher comparable heat transfer enhancement at rotating condition near the blade leading edge region.

High Rotation Number Effect on Heat Transfer in a Triangular Channel With 45°, Inverted 45°, and 90° Ribs

Heat transfer and pressure drop have been experimentally investigated in an equilateral triangular channel (Dh = 1.83cm), which can be used to simulate the internal cooling passage near the leading edge of a gas turbine blade. Three different rib configurations (45°, inverted 45°, and 90°) were tested at four different Reynolds numbers (10000–40000), each with five different rotational speeds (0–400 rpm). The rib pitch-to-height (P/e) ratio is 8 and the height-to-hydraulic diameter (e/Dh ) ratio is 0.087 for every rib configuration. The rotation number and buoyancy parameter achieved in this study were 0–0.58 and 0–2.3, respectively. Both the rotation number and buoyancy parameter have been correlated to predict the rotational heat transfer in the ribbed equilateral triangular channel. For the stationary condition, staggered 45° angled ribs show the highest heat transfer enhancement. However, staggered 45° angled ribs and 90° ribs have the higher comparable heat transfer enhancement at rotating condition near the blade leading edge region.Copyright

Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Rectangular Channel (AR=1:4) Under High Rotation Numbers

This paper experimentally investigated the rotational effects on heat transfer in a two-pass rectangular channel (AR=1:4), which is applicable to the channel near the leading edge of the gas turbine blade. The test channel has radially outward flow in the first passage through a re-directed sharp bend entrance and radially inward flow in the second passage after a 180° sharp turn. In the first passage, rotation effects on heat transfer are reduced by the re-directed sharp bend entrance. In the second passage, under rotating conditions, both leading and trailing surfaces experienced heat transfer enhancements above the stationary case. Rotation greatly increased heat transfer enhancement in the tip region up to a maximum Nu ratio (Nu/Nus ) of 2.4. The objective of the current study is to perform an extended parameter study of the low rotation number (0–0.3) and low buoyancy parameter (0–0.2) achieved previously. By varying the Reynolds numbers (10000–40000) and the rotational speeds (0–400 rpm), the increased range of the rotation number and buoyancy parameter reached in this study are 0–0.67 and 0–1.9, respectively. The higher rotation number and buoyancy parameter have been correlated very well to predict the rotational heat transfer in the two-pass, 1:4 aspect ratio flow channel.Copyright

High Rotation Number Effects on Heat Transfer in a Rectangular (AR=2:1) Two Pass Channel

This paper experimentally investigated the rotational effects on heat transfer in a smooth two-pass rectangular channel (AR=2:1), which is applicable to the cooling passages in the mid portion of the gas turbine blade. The test channel has radially outward flow in the first passage and radially inward flow in the second passage after a 180° sharp turn. In the first passage, the flow is developing and heat transfer is increased compared to the fully developed case. Rotation slightly reduces the heat transfer on the leading surface and increases heat transfer on the trailing surface in the first pass. Heat transfer is highly increased by rotation in the turn portion of the first pass on both leading and trailing surfaces. Rotation increased heat transfer enhancement in the tip region up to a maximum Nu ratio (Nu/Nus ) of 1.83. In the second passage, under rotating conditions, the leading surface experienced heat transfer enhancements above the stationary case while the trailing surface decreased. The current study has more than 4 times the range of the rotation number previously achieved for the 2:1 aspect ratio channel. The increased range of the rotation number and buoyancy parameter reached in this study are 0–0.45 and 0–0.8, respectively. The higher rotation number and buoyancy parameter have been correlated very well to predict the rotational heat transfer in the two-pass, 2:1 aspect ratio flow channel.© 2009 ASME