Michael Styrk Andersen

Non-Flutter Design Principle for long Span Bridges

The case of flutter on a sharp edged flat plate section model, with a height-to-width ratio of 1:10, has been investigated at four different torsional-to-vertical frequency ratios equal to 0.71, 0.88, 1.19 and 2.10. At a torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio of approximately 1.1 the flutter wind velocity for a thin airfoilshows an asymptotical behavior. In traditional bridge design the torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio is increased to obtain higher flutter wind velocities. In the present study, we investigate, what we will label the non-flutter design principle, in which the torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio will deliberately be smaller than 1. Two cases with frequency ratios of 1.19 and 2.10 showed classical and torsional flutter, respectively.Within the maximum wind velocity obtainable in the wind tunnel the two cases with a frequency ratio below 1 did not show any sign of aerodynamic instability. The results are a first indication the non-flutter design principle could be applicable in future design of slender structures.

Dynamic Characterization of the Little Belt Suspension Bridge by Operational Modal Analysis

The (new) Little Belt Bridge, opened in 1970, is a Danish suspension bridge with largest span being 600 m, and a total length of 1700 m. During the design and construction phase, detailed analysis of the dynamic properties of the bridge were carried out both by hand calculations and by measurements on a scale model. Recently, the bridge was measured using a setup of 45 simultaneous responses, 30 vertical and 15 lateral, distributed over the main span. Operational modal analysis was carried out on the data set, and the first two vertical bending and torsional modes were compared to those of the model. It was found that the first vertical bending mode was 0.156 Hz, which is very near the frequency predicted by the original scale model. In total nine modes are reported, with frequencies from 0.156 to 0.808 Hz, and with damping values between 0.38% and 9.74%. This paper also demonstrates and discusses the use of inexpensive geophones and general measurement equipment for use in OMA applications based on the experience from this bridge measurement.