Michał Kaszuba

Role of trace elements (Zn, Sr, Fe) in bone development: Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence study of rat bone and tooth tissue

Osteoporosis is one of the most common debilitating disease around the world and it is more and more established among young people. There are well known recommendations for nutrition of newborns and children concerning adequate calcium and vitamin D intake in order to maintain proper bone density. Nevertheless, important role in structure and function of a healthy bone tissue is played by an integration between all constituents including elements other than Ca, like trace elements, which control vital processes in bone tissue. It is important from scientific point of view as well as prevention of bone diseases, to monitor the mineralization process considering changes of the concentration of minerals during first stage of bone formation. This work presents studies of trace element (zinc, strontium, and iron) concentration in bones and teeth of Wistar rats at the age of 7, 14, and 28 days. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used to examine mandibles, skulls, femurs, tibiae, and incisors. The quantitative analysis was performed using fundamental parameters method (FP). Zn and Sr concentrations were highest for the youngest individuals and decreased with age of rats, while Fe content was stable in bone matrix for most studied bones. Our results reveal the necessity of monitoring concentration of not only major, but also minor elements, because the trace elements play special role in the first period of bone development.

Optical and X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies of Bone and Teeth in Newborn Rats After Maternal Treatment with Indinavir

An experiment estimating influence of antiviral drug indinavir treatment during pregnancy on bones and teeth development in newborn rats was performed. Two different fluorescence noninvasive spectroscopy techniques, i.e. laser (407 nm)‐induced fluorescence method to characterize the organic fluorescent molecules and X‐ray fluorescence analysis to determine mineral components were used to study the surface response of femur, mandible and incisor during their formation in the first month of a rat’s life. Differences in autofluorescence depending on the form of the bone were observed on the basis of the emission from enamel in 7‐, 14‐ and 28‐day‐old newborn rats. The dependence between decrease in intensity of fluorescence and increase in mineralization with age in newborn rats was observed. An enhancement of the autofluorescence and a decrease in the concentration of Ca as a main element, as well as disturbances in the concentration of Zn as trace element were observed for bone as well as teeth in newborns during the first month of their life after maternal administration of indinavir (500 mg kg−1 P.O.) in comparison with the control group. The results indicate that indinavir causes a delay in development of the skeleton and teeth in newborn rats.

The changes in bone organic and inorganic matrix in newborn rats after maternal application of antiretroviral agents: Indinavir and zidovudine.

This work presents results concerning influence of indinavir (protease inhibitor, PI(1)) and zidovudine (nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, NRTI) administered to pregnant Wistar rat females on organic and mineral constituents of bones and teeth (mandibles, skulls, tibiae, femurs, and incisors) of their offspring at the age of: 7, 14, and 28 days studied by means of induced laser and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy supported by digital radiography. Influence of indinavir administered to pregnant female rats on bone of their offspring revealed mainly in changes of mineral concentration: lowered Ca concentration and disturbances of trace elements. Zidovudine influenced organic matter more than inorganic matrix which was seen in enhancement of LIF fluorescence. However, there was also an unexpected increase of bone density for rats from zidovudine group, unlike indinavir group, observed. Our studies suggest that studied antiretroviral agents given to pregnant women, may have different destructive impact on bone state of their offspring in the first period of life. Maternal administration of zidovudine may delay development of organic matrix, while indinavir may have adverse effects on inorganic structure.

An Assessment of the Impact of Zidovudine on Rat Teeth Ontogenesis with Quantitative Laser Induced Fluorescence and an Histomorphological Analysis

Objectives: It is known that many conditions may impact on dental organ development at foetus or new-born stages. The most important influence in this case is caused by genetic predispositions but also by drugs delivered prenatally and postnatally to the organism. The goal of this research was to find if the applications of Zidovudine to mothers’ organisms of rats can caused some abnormalities in dental organs of new-borns. Methods: The study was performed on 20 Wistar female rats and their 36 new-borns bred. The group of adult pregnant rats was divided on two sub-groups: with and without Zidovudine receiving. The influence of Zidovudine administered was assessed by using the quantitative laser-induced fluorescence and compared with the group without Zidovudine receiving as a reference subjects. Results: In result the dependences in Zidovudine receiving were obtained and the changes in tissues were detected by use the laser fluorescence method. Moreover the differences between groups with and without Zidovudine are obtained in morphological results. The stronger impact of drug was obtained for mothers rats than new-borns. Conclusions: All obtained results show usefulness laser fluorescence in dental organ assessment.

Laser induced autofluorescence of bones and teeth in newborn rats after maternal administration of indinavir

This paper presents autofluorescence of bones and teeth for 14-day and 28-day old newborn rats. The measurements were carried out by means of the fibre optical spectrometer with laser excitation source (407 nm). Differences in emission spectra of incisor, mandible and femur of rats with age were observed. It was also found that maternal administration of antiviral drug - indinavir (500 mg/kg po.) caused changes in autofluorescence of the studied tissues.

Laser-induced fluorescence of rat teeth after maternal administration of anti-neoplastic drugs

The laser-induced (407 nm) fluorescence was used in examination of newborn rat teeth tissues after maternal administration of anti-neoplastic drugs. Significant differences in fluorescence emission of enamel and dentine after maternal administration of cyclophosphamide and cytarabine were observed. Treating pregnant rats with cyclophosphamide was more damaging for teeth ontogenesis than administration of cytarabine.