Michal Kobialka

Sulcia symbiont of the leafhopper Macrosteles laevis (Ribaut, 1927) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) harbors Arsenophonus bacteria

The leafhopper Macrosteles laevis, like other plant sap-feeding hemipterans, lives in obligate symbiotic association with microorganisms. The symbionts are harbored in the cytoplasm of large cells termed bacteriocytes, which are integrated into huge organs termed bacteriomes. Morphological and molecular investigations have revealed that in the bacteriomes of M. laevis, two types of bacteriocytes are present which are as follows: bacteriocytes with bacterium Sulcia and bacteriocytes with Nasuia symbiont. We observed that in bacteriocytes with Sulcia, some cells of this bacterium contain numerous cells of the bacterium Arsenophonus. All types of symbionts are transmitted transovarially between generations. In the mature female, the bacteria Nasuia, bacteria Sulcia, and Sulcia with Arsenophonus inside are released from the bacteriocytes and start to assemble around the terminal oocytes. Next, the bacteria enter the cytoplasm of follicular cells surrounding the posterior pole of the oocyte. After passing through the follicular cells, the symbionts enter the space between the oocyte and follicular epithelium, forming a characteristic “symbiont ball.”

Dual “Bacterial-Fungal” Symbiosis in Deltocephalinae Leafhoppers (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae)

The symbiotic systems (types of symbionts, their distribution in the host insect body, and their transovarial transmission between generations) of four Deltocephalinae leafhoppers: Fieberiella septentrionalis, Graphocraerus ventralis, Orientus ishidae, and Cicadula quadrinotata have been examined by means of histological, ultrastructural, and molecular techniques. In all four species, two types of symbionts are present: bacterium Sulcia (phylum Bacteroidetes) and yeast-like symbionts closely related to the entomopathogenic fungi (phylum Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes). Sulcia bacteria are always harbored in giant bacteriocytes, which are grouped into large organs termed “bacteriomes.” In F. septentrionalis, G. ventralis, and O. ishidae, numerous yeast-like microorganisms are localized in cells of the fat body, whereas in C. quadrinotata, they occupy the cells of midgut epithelium in large number. Additionally, in C. quadrinotata, a small amount of yeast-like microorganisms occurs intracellularly in the fat body cells and, extracellularly, in the hemolymph. Sulcia bacteria in F. septentrionalis, G. ventralis, O. ishidae, and C. quadrinotata, and the yeast-like symbionts residing in the fat body of F. septentrionalis, G. ventralis, and O. ishidae are transovarially transmitted; i.e., they infect the ovarioles which constitute the ovaries.

Tadeusz Kantor's Happenings: Reality, Mediality, and History

In “ A Voyage on the North Sea”: Art in the Age of the Post-Medium Condition , Rosalind Krauss writes about Marcel Broodthaers, James Coleman, and William Kentridge because, as she notes, these artists have decided not to follow the international fashion of installation and intermedia work in which “art essentially finds itself complicit with a globalization of the image in the service of capital.” Rosalind Krauss, “ A Voyage on the North Sea”: Art in the Age of the Post-Medium Condition (London: Thames & Hudson, 1999), 56. Neither have they retreated into the etiolated forms of traditional mediums, such as painting and sculpture. Rather, their recent works have embraced the idea of differential specificity , in which a medium itself is reinvented and rearticulated.

Symbiotic microorganisms of the leafhopper Deltocephalus pulicaris (Fallén, 1806) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae): molecular characterization, ultrastructure and transovarial transmission*

Abstract The ovaries of the leafhopper Deltocephalus pulicaris are accompanied by large organs termed bacteriomes, which are composed of numerous polyploid cells called bacteriocytes. The cytoplasm of bacteriocytes is tightly packed with symbiotic microorganisms. Ultrastructural and molecular analyses have revealed that bacteriocytes of D. pulicaris contain two types of symbionts: the bacterium “Candidatus Sulcia muelleri” and the bacterium “Candidatus Nasuia deltocephalinicola”. Both symbionts are transovarially transmitted from the mother to the next generation.

Ovary of Matsucoccus pini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccinea: Matsucoccidae): morphology, ultrastructure, and phylogenetic implications.

The structure of ovary in a representative of the scale insect family Matsucoccidae, Matsucoccus pini, is described at the ultrastructural level. The paired ovaries of M. pini are composed of about 50 ovarioles of telotrophic type that develop asynchronously. An individual ovariole consists of an anterior tropharium (trophic chamber) and posterior vitellarium. The tropharium encloses trophocytes (nurse cells) and early previtellogenic oocytes termed arrested oocytes. In the vitellarium from 1 to 6, linearly arranged oocytes may develop. Analysis of serial sections has shown that each ovariole contains 32 germ cells (trophocytes, arrested oocytes, and developing oocytes). In the cytoplasm of all these cells, small rod‐shaped bacteria are present. In the early vitellogenic oocytes, accessory nuclei arise. As vitellogenesis progresses, these nuclei migrate toward the cortical ooplasm. The obtained results are discussed in a phylogenetic context. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:327–334, 2014.

Corpus Mysticum et Representationem : Hildegard of Bingen's Scivias and Ordo Virtutum

Ever since the project of supplying objective knowledge was challenged by the debates about colonialism, gender, sexual orientation, and ethnicity, academics from different fields have begun to share a conception of knowledge as representational, differing primarily in the accounts of how their, “representations” are related to objects that are represented. Understandably, Platos and Aristotles definitions of mimesis have acquired new currency. According to Plato, whenever “you see one, you conceive of the other.” According to Aristotle, the relationship between techne and phusis is contained in the formulation that, on the one hand, art imitates nature; on the other hand, art carries to its end what nature is incapable of effecting. Both Plato and Aristotle perceive mimesis as the process of either epistemological or ontological repetition or doubling in which “one” (thought or subject) becomes “two” (thought or subject doubles as idea or object), in theatre studies, for example, the prevailing tradition defines representation in terms of a promise of a performative act. Such an act signifies that the “I” or “we” making the promise understands or knows the problem, the object, or the text and will be able to transfer it from nature, that is, from the real space, to the theatrical, “imaginary” space where the declaration of its existence and the formulation of its speech will be staged in a tight spotlight. This process is authorized by an institutional structure that safeguards the promise, its execution, and its use.

Tadeusz Kantor and Hamed Taheri: Of political theatre/performance

Is political performance still viable? Kobialka shows how Iranian theatre director Hamed Taheriinfluenced by Polish avantgarde artist Tadeusz Kantordevelops a new kind of radical theatre/performance using actor-immigrants from African nations, Chile, Afghanistan, and Iran.

Of the memory of a human unhoused in being

What we remember, how we remember, and why we remember what we remember have been an object of inquiry from the past immemorial. According to a legend that can be found in Ciceros De oratore and Quintilians Insitutio oratoria, the art of memory came into being with Simonides.2 The story goes that when Simonides had left an evening banquet, the entire building collapsed burying the remaining guests. The relatives of the dead, who came to seek the bodies for burial, were unable to identify them because they had been mutilated to the point of being unrecognizable. Simonides was summoned. Because he remembered the order in which the guests had been sitting, he could help in identifying to each relative his/her own dead. However, for this practice to be legitimate, it has to use a specific mnemonic lexicon in order to locate the dead within the language of the beholder of discourse. As Horatio proclaims at the end of Hamlet:

Tadeusz Kantor: Collector and historian

ion, which existed in Poland until the outbreak of World War II, disappeared in the period of mass genocide. This is a common phenomenon. Bestiality, brought to the fore by this war, was too alien to this pure idea. . . . The anger of a human being trapped by other human beasts cursed a r t. We had only the strength to grab the nearest thing,

Diversity of symbiotic microbiota in Deltocephalinae leafhoppers (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)

Symbiotic microorganisms associated with thirteen species of the subfamily Deltocephalinae were examined using microscopic and molecular techniques. Athysanus argentarius, Euscelis incisus, Doratura stylata, Arthaldeus pascuellus, Errastunus ocellaris, Jassargus flori, Jassargus pseudocellaris, Psammotettix alienus, Psammotettix confinis, Turrutus socialis and Verdanus abdominalis harbor two types of ancient bacteriome-associated microorganisms: bacteria Sulcia (phylum Bacteroidetes) and bacteria Nasuia (phylum Proteobacteria, class Betaproteobacteria). In Balclutha calamagrostis and Balclutha punctata, the bacterium Nasuia has not been detected. In the bacteriomes of both species of Balclutha examined, only bacteria Sulcia occur, whereas Sodalis-like symbionts (phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria) are localized in the fat body cells, in close vicinity of the bacteriomes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the co-existence in Deltocephalinae leafhoppers of the ancient symbiont Sulcia and the more recently acquired Sodalis-like bacterium. The obtained results provide further evidence indicating that Deltocephalinae leafhoppers are characterized by a large diversity of symbiotic systems, which results from symbiont acquisition and replacement. The obtained results are additionally discussed in phylogenetic context.