Michał Lupa

A Model of a System for Stream Data Storage and Analysis Dedicated to Sensor Networks of Embankment Monitoring

Contemporary monitoring systems are a source of data streams. Processing of this data is an interesting issue from both a performance and data storage perspective. It is worth paying attention to the concept of stream database management systems, which are a hybrid that allows for efficient analysis of the data stream and provide a set of implemented statistical methods.

A Concept of Time Windows Length Selection in Stream Databases in the Context of Sensor Networks Monitoring

Monitoring systems are a source of large amounts of data. These streams of data flow down as information which, in the case of sensor networks is often associated with the measurement of the selected physical signals. Processing of these data is a non-trivial issue, because accurate calculations often require dedicated solutions and large computing power.

A method for assessing generalized data accuracy with linear object resolution verification

Abstract The article is composed of two sections. In the first section, the authors describe the application of minimum line dimensions which are dependent on line shape, width and the operational scale of the map. The proposed solutions are based on the Euclidean metric space, for which the minimum dimensions of Saliszczew’s elementary triangle (Elementary triangle – is the term pertaining to model, standard triangle of least dimensions securing recognizability of a line. Its dimensions depend on scale of the map and width of the line representing it. The use of a triangle in the simplification process is as follows: triangles with sides (sections) on an arbitrary line and bases (completing the sides) are compared with lengths of the shorter side and the base of the elementary triangle.) were adapted. The second part of the article describes an application of minimum line dimensions for verifying and assessing generalized data. The authors also propose a method for determining drawing line resolution to evaluate the accuracy of algorithm simplification. Taking advantage of the proposed method, well-known simplification algorithms were compared on the basis of qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Moreover, corresponding with the methods of simplified data accuracy assessment the authors have extended these solutions with the rejected data. This procedure has allowed the identification of map areas where graphic conflicts occurred.

An Attempt to Automate the Simplification of Building Objects in Multiresolution Databases

The paper presents a method for the simplification of building objects in multiresolution databases. The authors present a theoretical foundation, practical ways to implement the method, examples of results, as well as a comparison with currently available generalization methods in commercial software. This algorithm allows the verifiability and reproducibility of results to be kept while minimising graphic conflicts, which are a major problem during the automatic generalisation process. These results are achieved by defining the shape of buildings, employing classification rules and adopting minimum measures of recognition on a digital map. Solutions included in this paper are universal and can successfully be used as a component in any automated cartographic generalisation process. Moreover, these methods will help to get closer to full automation of the data generalisation process and hence the automatic production of digital maps.

The Extended Structure of Multi-Resolution Database

The aim of the paper is to show how to extend the database of topographic objects for the purposes of automatic data generalization. Generalization is performed basing on topographic databases, that exist in various scales (BDOT10K - scale 1:10 000, BDOO - general geographic objects database 1:100000). Under the law, these databases are fundamental source of information about the spatial location and characteristics of topographic objects in Poland. BDOT is a multi-resolution database, which is fed by the objects with varying degrees of details and accuracy, depending on the data source. It is also assumed that the BDOT will be a source of data for the editorial of standard cartographic studies for various scales. Objects for a given scale are obtained by the generalization processes, which allow to generate less detailed data (for example, in a scale of 1:50 000) from the reference dataset (scale 1:10 000). The authors have proposed the structure of MRDB system, which assumes the existence of Web Generalization Services (WGS). These services can provide a remote access to simplification algorithms and the data generalization ”on the fly” [5,4]. It can significantly reduce the process of data producing through automation of the manual work, resulting in a significant optimization of the database at the level of its power. Therefore, we can observe the optimization of the work with databases, already at the level of their feeding.

The use of cartographic control points in the harmonization and revision of MRDBs

Abstract The main purpose of the research is to achieve fully automated approach for supplying multi-resolution databases with linear objects in each scale. Moreover, the proposed solutions maintain the repeatability and accuracy of output data wherever possible according to the input scale. These properties are achieved by keeping the minimal object dimensions as well as the appropriate data pre-processing, based on the classification of source points. The classification distinguishes three classes of points: constant (unchangeable), temporary, and inherited. These classes build a structure of cartographic control points. Based on these solutions, the authors proposed an algorithm for linear object simplification based on minimal object dimensions and cartographic control points. It was also confirmed that the simplification between constant points does not cause geometry discrepancies in relation to the global simplification of the whole line.

Limits of Colour Perception in the Context of Minimum Dimensions in Digital Cartography

The commonly used methods in digital cartography are based on the minimum dimensions of black and white objects. This article presents a solution in which both the colour of the symbols and the background on which they are presented are relevant in the context of setting the minimum dimensions of the objects on a map. To achieve this, the authors have developed a perception coefficient that is an extension of the formal definitions of minimum object dimensions. In support of the presented solutions, the authors offer several cartographic examples. The article also contains experimental research that examines the impact of colour on the recognition of objects by means of specially prepared surveys. These results are compared against the theoretical values of the perception coefficient. The research objective was achieved by developing new solutions that could be used in the cartographic production processes of any national map agency.

ANALYSIS OF THE POLISH HOME ARMY DROP ZONES DURING WORLD WAR II, USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

The aim of the research presented in this paper was to determine the precise location of drop zones that were used for parachute jumps of the ‘Silent and Unseen’ paratroops (Polish: Cichociemni) and for delivering military equipment during World War II. The studies were based on historical research containing information about the locations of the jumps and their schematic arrangement, Ordnance Survey Maps of the pre-war period, and a GIS system with contemporary geographic digital maps. Within the work, the available information about the drop zone locations of the period from February 1941 to December 1944 is summarized. Moreover, the calibration of available schematic maps is presented, based on contemporary digital data. The final part of the study contains an estimation of drop zone location errors compared against military tactical maps.

Comparative analysis of algorithms for calculating arrival times of emergency vehicles

Problemem poruszanym w niniejszym artykule jest czas, w jakim obliczana jest kompletna mapa czasow dojazdow pojazdow ratunkowych (ambulansow) dla zadanej siatki. Znalezienie optymalnej (najszybszej) trasy miedzy dwoma punktami jest problemem zlozonym i czasochlonnym. Co wiecej, poruszane zagadnienia wynikają z potrzeb i problemow, z ktorymi zmagają sie dyspozytorzy Malopolskiego Ratownictwa Medycznego. Wobec tego, intencją autorow bylo opracowanie metod pozwalających na skrocenie czasu wykonywania obliczen, bazując na redukcji ich liczby wylącznie do punktow, do ktorych ambulans jest w stanie dotrzec w zadanym czasie. Porownano trzy typy algorytmow, uwzgledniając ich zlozonośc czasową i obliczeniową. W rezultacie wskazano metody, ktore – w zalezności od przyjetego kryterium – pozwalają osiągnąc optymalne wyniki.

A Proposal of Hybrid Spatial Indexing for Addressing the Measurement Points in Monitoring Sensor Networks

One of the important features of data analysis methods in the area of continuous surveillance systems is a computation time. This article contains a research that is focused on improving the performance of processing by the most efficient possible indexation of spatial data. The authors proposed a structure of indexes implementation based on layered grouping of sensors, so as to reduce the amount of data in time windows. This allows to compare data at the layer-layer level, thereby reducing the problem of comparisons between all sensors.