Michel Botineau

COPPER ACCUMULATION IN A RESERVOIR ECOSYSTEM FOLLOWING COPPER SULFATE TREATMENT (ST. GERMAIN LES BELLES, FRANCE)

Copper sulfate (CuSO4) addition to freshwater for phytoplankton control has been practiced for decades, and remains the most effective algicidal treatment for numerous managed water bodies. A reservoir in the centre of France was the site for an investigation of copper distribution in aquatic systems after a copper sulfate treatment. Results of monitoring showed a rapid conversion of dissolved Cu to particulate forms, with significant accumulation in the sediments. Total sediment Cu content increased from approximately 37.7 to 45.4 μg g-1 dry weight after the first treatment. Sequential extraction suggested that a significant portion of the sediment-borne Cu was associated with the organic fraction which may release Cu to the water column, although significant release would occur only under extreme changes in water chemistry. Based upon measured Cu concentrations, flows at the down-stream water, and known mass applied during treatment, mass balance calculations indicated that approximately 17% of the Cu was exported from the reservoir over a 70 day period following a 196 μg L-1 Cu2+ (as CuSO4·5H2O) treatment.Copper bioaccumulation by a moss, Fontinalis antipyretica in the down-stream water showed that it was possible to distinguish between a treated and an untreated area. The impact of copper treatmentin the down-stream reservoir could be followed using mosses. There is a distance effect which could be exploited to determine potential copper impact for example. The largest amount of copper was probably adsorbed on downstream sediment or lost in running water. Thirty days after copper sulfate addition, Fontinalis still indicatedcopper exposure.

Micropropagation of Myriophyllum Alterniflorum (Haloragaceae) for Stream Rehabilitation: First In Vitro Culture and Reintroduction Assays of a Heavy-Metal Hyperaccumulator Immersed Macrophyte

Nowadays, submersed aquatic macrophytes play a key role in stream ecology and they are often used as biomonitors of freshwater quality. So, these plants appear as natural candidates to stream rehabilitation experiments. Among them, the stream macrophyte Myriophyllum alterniflorum is used recently as biomonitor and is potentially useful for the restoration of heavy-metal contaminated localities. The best way to obtain a mass production of watermilfoil plants is micropropagation. We developed in vitro culture of M. alterniflorum and the effects of five media on the plant development were assessed. Five morphological and four physiological endpoints were examined leading to the recommendation of the Murashige and Skoog medium for ecotoxicological studies on chlorophyllous parts, and of the Gaudet medium for root cytotoxicity and phytoremediation studies. Micropropagated clones were acclimatized in a synthetic medium and in situ reintroduction was performed efficiently. This is the first report of micropropagated plants transplantation in streams. The successful establishment of watermilfoil beds even in polluted areas strongly suggested that ecological restoration using micropropagated watermilfoil is a promising biotechnology for phytoremediation and rehabilitation of degraded areas. Moreover, high bioconcentration factors evidenced that watermilfoil hyperaccumulates Cd and Cu, and could be potentially used in phytoremediation studies.

The most powerful multivariate normality test for plant genomics and dynamics data sets

Data analysis methods like analysis of variance and regression in plant sciences depend on the assumption that the biological data are normal. Using a normality test is the best way to check whether the distribution is normal or not. Plant genomic and dynamic studies generate data with leptokurtic distribution and the most appropriate normality test is the Shapiro-Francia one. However multivariate extensions of this test have not been designed yet and plant data matrix cannot be performed efficiently or without bias. Thus, our analysis focused on the development of an easy-using algorithm to extend the application of the Shapiro-Francia test to multivariate data matrix in plant studies.

Populations of Myriophyllum alterniflorum L. as bioindicators of pollution in acidic to neutral rivers in the Limousin region

Myriophyllum alterniflorum D.C. (Haloragaceae) was studied in the acidic to neutral rivers Vienne and Gartempe (Limousin region, France). Two complementary levels of organisation were evaluated to determine their usefulness for pollution assessment: morphological traits of river populations, and eco-physiological responses to ammonium enrichment in indoor experiments. Inter-node length, stem diameter and leaf length were measured and their ratio calculated for 100 selected plants collected in 20 homogeneous areas. Using multidimensional analysis, their ecological significance for trophic assessment was demonstrated: stem diameter was linked to conductivity, and leaf length/stem diameter ratio to phosphates. Nitrate reductase activity was measured in three populations (upstream, median and downstream populations) after experimental enrichment with ammonium. Ammonium enrichment decreased activity starting at very low concentrations. However, inhibition levels depended on tested populations, with upstream populations being less sensitive due to natural ammonium content in water. The differences could be explained by an eco-adaptation to the trophic level of water. The relationships between the two levels of organisation are discussed. These results could help to distinguish different ecotypes using Myriophyllum alterniflorum.

HPLC method for the analysis of α -tocopherol from Myriophyllum alterniflorum

0009-3130/11/4704-0679 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 1) University of Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Botany & Cryptogamy, GRESE EA 4330, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France, fax: +33 555 435 850, e-mail: david.delmail@wanadoo.fr; 2) University of Limoges, Faculty of Sciences, GRESE EA 4330, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, F-87060 Limoges, France. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, p. 594, July–August, 2011. Original article submitted April 7, 2010. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 47, No. 4, September, 2011 [Russian original No. 4, July–August, 2011]

Prorocentrum rivalis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) and its phylogenetic affinities inferred from analysis of a mixed morphological and LSU rRNA data set

A new freshwater epiphytic Prorocentrum species, Prorocentrum rivalis, from the temperate region of the Haute-Vienne, France, is described. This species is the third freshwater species identified among approximately 60 marine Prorocentrum species. This new species is described using scanning electron microscope and phylogenetic analyses by a polyphasic approach (LSU rRNA sequences combined with 9 morphological characters). The phylogenetic analysis attests that P. rivalis is close to other planktonic freshwater species and the freshwater Prorocentrum clade is evolutionarily derived from an epiphytic freshwater prorocentroid ancestor. The unique marine species in the freshwater clade results from an ecophysiological reversion. P. rivalis differs from other epiphytic taxa by its rarity, its temperate distribution and its ecophysiological needs. The phylogeny confirms also that all planktonic Prorocentrum species are evolutionarily derived from epiphytic/benthic ancestors.

Typologie de la végétation macrophytique des rivières et affluents de la Vienne et de la Gartempe (Limousin, France)

Abstract The distribution of aquatic macrophytes (phanerogams, bryophyta, lichens and algae) was studied in two rivers in the Limousin region of France, the River Vienne and the River Gartempe. At each of 106 representative sites, environmental factors were recorded as well as a range of physicochemical parameters. In this study, two different approaches were used to assess relationship between macrophytes and their habitat. Firstly, a multivariate analysis helps to point out the individual species ecology; for instance, some species were found in areas of high ammonium concentrations (Callitriche hamulata and Ranunculus peltatus) whereas others were associated with raised nitrate concentrations (Callitriche platycarpa, Leptodictyum riparium). Secondly a sigmatist phytosociological study was undertaken in order to understand the determinism of plant communities and, in particular, an association between Callitriche hamulatae and Myriophyllum alterniflorum plus two communities belonging to Callitrichetum hamulatae. Both approaches were complementary, one concerned with the individual species ecology but with a risk of masking genuine groupings, whilst the other sought to record inter-plant communities whose ecology might not be said to be only the sum of species ecologies associated within each plant community involved.

Utilisation des lichens dans la mise en évidence des éléments traces présents dans les cours d'eau

Abstract The authors demonstrated the possibility to use lichens as biodetectors of the presence of copper and cadmium in rivers. The authors showed that the lichen biomass fixes rapidly metals in solution. This caption is proportional to the quantity of metal present, without any toxic threshold being observed, even at high concentration levels. Furthermore, Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) Laundon syn. D. weberi (Ach.) Mann was a better biodetector of metallic micropolluants than other aquatic macrophytes (brypophytes and phanerogames). Transplantations of this lichen were made in the Vienne river (Massif Central, France) in the upstream and downstream section of an electrolytic copper refining plant. The results revealed an aquatic pollution generated by this industry.

Deux approches dans la typologie des rivières limousines: les analyses multidimensionnelles (ACM) et les analyses phytosociologiques (méthode des tableaux)

Deux approches dans la typologie des rivieres limousines: les analyses multidimensionnelles (ACM) et les analyses phytosociologiques (methode des tableaux) Philippe Chatenet a , Michel Botineau a & Jacques Haury b a Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, Faculte de Pharmacie , 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025 , Limoges Cedex b Laboratoire de Botanique et Pathologie vegetale , E.N.S.A. , 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, F-35042 , Rennes Cedex Published online: 26 Apr 2013.

Les Ptéridophytes protégés dans le centre-ouest de la France (régions Poitou-Charentes et Limousin)

ResumeEtat de la protection dont beneficient les Pteridophytes dans le centre-ouest de la France (regions de Poitou-Charentes et Limousin): especes concernees—milieux correspondants.