Michel Galaup

3D Real-Time Collaborative Environment to Learn Teamwork and Non-technical Skills in the Operating Room

Risk-management training in the operating room (OR) can be achieved by involving learners in a simulated risky situation. The task is particularly complex because most of the time, the causes of an accident or an adverse event imply a large variety of contributing factors that are (i) difficult to combine artificially and (ii) even harder to detect and evaluate in a dynamic training context. This paper describes a model for specifying pedagogical objectives that has been integrated and used in a 3D virtual operating room project designed to train medical staff on risk management, particularly risks linked to communication default. Training sessions organized with trainers, student-anesthetist-nurses, student-operating-nurse and student-anesthetists show how teamwork efficiency in critical situations may be evaluated in a collaborative environment.

Learning mechanical engineering in a virtual workshop: A preliminary study on utilisability, utility and acceptability

With the recent development of virtual reality (VR) technology, a variety of new tools can be imagined. This article presents a preliminary study on the use of VR for immersive learning games in the field of mechanical engineering. We present the design of such a game and the results of the experiments that followed the implementation of the game. This study was conducted with teachers and students from an undergraduate school of Mechanical Engineering and focuses on utility, usability and acceptability.

A Method to Design a Multi-player Scenario to Experiment Risk Management in a Digital Collaborative Learning Game: A Case of Study in Healthcare

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest for collaborative training in risk management. One of the critical point is to create educational and entirely controlled training environments that support industrial companies (in aviation, healthcare, nuclear...) or hospitals to train (future or not) professionals. The aim is to improve their teamwork performance making them understand the importance applying or adjusting safety recommendations. In this article, we present a method to design multi-player educational scenario for risk management in a socio-technical and dynamic context. The socio-technical situations focused in this article involve non-technical skills such as teamwork, communication, leadership, decision-making and situation awareness. The method presented here has been used to design as well regular situations as well as critical situations in which deficiencies already exist or mistakes can be freely made and fixed by the team in a controlled digital environment.

Interaction and Communication in an Immersive Learning Game: The Challenges of Modelling Real-Time Collaboration in a Virtual Operating Room

In this chapter, we describe the methodology we have engineered during the design process of the collaborative and immersive learning game 3D Virtual Operating Room. The game targets an audience of practitioners involved in the operating room and the training consists in virtually re-enacting typical perioperative activities so as to learn or improve skills related to patient safety. The challenges faced in this project include multiplayer collaboration in a shared, interactive and dynamically evolving virtual environment, and modelling educational scenarios on the basis of actual observations inside the operating room. The model we detail is grounded on a semantic definition of the environment which allowed for three innovative features. A game-mediated communication system where information pertaining to the game is exchanged in real time by the players. AI-controlled characters replacing missing players as fully equal partners. And, the ability for the game to provide feedback in real time or during a debriefing on the team’s performance against predefined pedagogical objectives.