Michel Mainguenaud

A framework to model and manipulate constraints for over-constrained geographic applications

Geographic applications are often over-constrained because of the stakeholders’ multiple requirements and the various spatial, alphanumeric and temporal constraints to be satisfied. In most cases, solving over-constrained problems is based on the relaxation of some constraints according to values of preferences. This article proposes the modelling and the management of constraints in order to provide a framework to integrate stakeholders in the expression and the relaxation of their constraints. Three families of constraints are defined: static vs. dynamic, intra-entity vs. inter-entities and intra-instance vs. inter-instances. Constraints are modelled from two points of view: system with the complexity in time of the different involved operators and user with stakeholders’ preferences. The methodology of constraints relaxation is based on primitive, complex and derived operations. These operations allow a modification of the constraints in order to provide a relevant solution to a simulation. The developed system was applied to reduce the streaming/floods risks in the territory of Pays de Caux (Seine Maritime, France).

Improvement of cartographic information for the WMS and WFS Web services

The standard geographic web services WMS (web map service) and WFS (web feature service) comprise respectively two methods GetFeature and GetFeatureInfo that allow to obtain attributes associated to a geographic object represented on a map. Most certainly, the returned result brings semantics to the object but requires adaptation to the theme chosen by the user. Our paper proposes the conception and implementation of two interfaces the semi-automatic identification of additional attributes through semantic links in the schema of database, and the presentation of thematic enriched data to the final user.

Apport automatisé de sémantique lors de manipulations de documents géographiques

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Apport automatisé de sémantique lors de manipulations de documents géographiques Michel Mainguenaud, Souissi Nissrine

Dynamic multi-granularity semantic representations for navigation facility services

The main purpose of this article is to tackle the management of alphanumeric data provided to end users in navigation facility services. We propose, via a top down and interpreted approach, to define a data model. The aim is to take into account the spatial relevance of alphanumeric attributes using a logical spatial representation (not using a cartographical representation). Based on a conventional database model extended with links to model relationships between alphanumeric attributes and spatial semantics, this model provides the management of several levels of abstraction (granularity levels). We describe a data manipulation operator to zoom into a deeper abstraction level and we define rules to build the data model associated with the results of this operator.

Gestion des liens entre la représentation spatiale et les informations alphanumériques associées à un objet géographique. Généralisation aux représentations composites et non simplement connexes

In this article, we consider spatial data organized as two components: an alphanumeric component and a spatial representation component. Our goal is to propose the closure of a data manipulation operator. We present the rules to respect in order to provide a coherent result for both components. We present a generalization technique defined by a semantics selection process. The generalization is applied to composite and non simply connected spatial representations. By this way, we define a middle space for selection. MOTS-CLES : Sélection de sémantique. Intégration hétérogène. Représentations composites et non simplement connexes

Parcours dans un itinéraire méthodologique de diagnostic de territoire. Exploration par un navigateur

We present a methodology in order to define a diagnostic of a territory. The formal model relies on graphs. A graph represents the methodological aspect of the reasonning. The order defines the sequence of consulted documents or producted documents. Several steps are necessary to build a diagnostic. The goal is to browse into a set of multimedia documents in order to construct his own path through the different documents. This target application is mainly dedicated to students and aims at providing them a methodology to perform a diagnostic of a territory. KEY-WORDS: territory, methodology, multimedia documents, spatial reasoning, graphs

Spatial alphanumerical attributes for graphical treatings

This article introduces a general way to bring alphanumericalattributes into a graphical system to managetreatings. This semantics supply is done by a spatialoperator closure using two spatial concepts: Topology andGranularity. Two graphical operator improvements areproposed, derived from spatial operators.