Michel Pompeu Barros de Oliveira Sá

Automedicação em idosos na cidade de Salgueiro-PE

OBJECTIVES: to identify the determinants associated with the practice of self-medication in the 60-year-old or older population in the city of Salgueiro/Pernambuco/Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban zone in the city of Salgueiro - PE; questionnaires were handed out between May/01/2004 and June/06/2004 in a sample population of 355 persons aged 60 years or more. Data were processed and analyzed using EPIINFO 6.04 software after a double entry and validated. RESULTS: The sample was comprised of 44.9% (159/355) 60-70-year olds, 69.8% (247/355) of which were female, 53.1% (188/355) illiterate, 40.7% (145/355) without having finished high school, and 77.7% (276/355) retired. In the group that used medicines without medical prescription, the drugs used most often were analgesics (30%) and antipyretics (29%). Of the reasons presented to justify the use of self-prescribed medicines, pain was the most frequent one (38.3%), followed by fever (24.4%), diarrhea (8.0%), hypertension (8.0%) and cough (5.2%). There was association between the lack of exercise and self-medication (x2 =14.44 p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: there is a high prevalence of self-medication in this group; analgesics and antipyretics are the drugs used most often; pain is the symptom that most leads to self-medication; and sedentary individuals use more self-medication than those who exercise.

Educação Permanente em SBV e SAVC: impacto no conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem

BACKGROUND The theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the Basic Life Support (BLS) and the Advanced Life Support (ALS) are among the most important determining factors of the cardiopulmonary reanimation success rates. OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of a permanent training program in BLS and ALS on the knowledge of nursing professionals. METHOD Cross-sectional study. Population was made of nursing professionals of a tertiary level hospital. Assessments were carried out before and after training. The critical points of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) analysis were addressed. RESULTS 213 professionals were assessed (76 nurses, 35.7%; 38 assistants, 17.8%; and 99 technicians, 46.7%). Pre-course assessment average grades were statistically different (p<0.001) among assistants (3.25), technicians (3.96) and nurses (4.69). Single professional without kids showed performance significantly superior to married professional with kids (p=0.02 and 0.004 respectively). Pre-training level of knowledge was inversely proportional to the time elapsed since the completion of undergraduate course or technical course. Main deficiencies were related to the initial approach of airways, to post-resuscitation cares and to the external cardiac massage technique. The post-course general average grade was 7.26. Assistants achieved a performance of 131.2%, technicians, of 78.9% and the nurses, of 85%, with no significant statistic difference (p=0.43). CONCLUSION The permanent training program in BLS and ALS resulted in important increment in the level of knowledge of nursing professionals.FUNDAMENTO: O conhecimento teorico e as habilidades praticas das equipes de Suporte Basico de Vida (SBV) e Suporte Avancado de Vida (SAV) estao entre os determinantes mais importantes das taxas de sucesso em reanimacao cardiopulmonar. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto de um programa permanente de treinamento em SBV e SAV no conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem. METODO: Estudo de corte transversal. A populacao foi composta por profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de nivel terciario. Foram realizadas avaliacoes antes e apos o treinamento. Abordaram-se pontos criticos das diretrizes do International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 213 profissionais (76 enfermeiros, 35,7%; 38 auxiliares, 17,8%; e 99 tecnicos, 46,7%). As medias na avaliacao pre-curso foram estatisticamente diferentes (p<0,001) entre auxiliares (3,25), tecnicos (3,96) e enfermeiros (4,69). Os profissionais solteiros e sem filhos apresentaram desempenho significativamente superior ao dos casados e com filhos (p=0,02 e 0,004 respectivamente). O nivel de conhecimento pre-treinamento foi inversamente proporcional ao tempo transcorrido desde a conclusao da graduacao ou curso tecnico. As maiores deficiencias foram relacionadas a abordagem inicial das vias aereas, aos cuidados pos-ressuscitacao e a tecnica de massagem cardiaca externa. A media geral pos-curso foi 7,26. Os auxiliares alcancaram um desempenho de 131,2%, os tecnicos de 78,9% e os enfermeiros de 85%, sem diferenca estatisticamente significante (p=0,43). CONCLUSAO: O programa de treinamento permanente em SBV e SAV resultou em importante incremento no nivel de conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem.

Ethics in research with human beings: from knowledge to practice

FUNDAMENTO: En Brasil, la resolucion 196/96 y sus complementaciones reglamentan la preservacion de los derechos, del respeto y de la dignidad de los seres humanos implicados en investigaciones. OBJETIVO: Analizar la adecuacion de los temas libres (TLs) presentados durante el XVIII Congreso Pernambucano de Cardiologia a la resolucion 196/96. METODOS: Estudio de Corte Transversal. Se realizaron entrevistas con autores de los TLs presentados. Se analizaron los resumenes de los trabajos con el objeto de identificar la necesidad de una previa aprobacion por un Comite de Etica en Investigacion (CEI). RESULTADOS: Se presentaron 90 TLs. La fuente de datos mas utilizada fueron prontuarios medicos (86,8%). Solamente un 23,1% de los TLs fueron sometidos a la evaluacion por un CEI y en el 15,4% se utilizo el Formulario de Consentimiento Informado (FCI). Entre los autores cuyos trabajos no se evaluaron por un CEI, el 65,6% afirmo que esta no era una conducta necesaria y el 18% de ellos desconocian la necesidad de llevar a cabo dicha evaluacion. La autorizacion escrita del responsable por la institucion donde los TLs fueron realizados no se obtuvo en un 56,6% de las investigaciones. La mayoria (80%) de los autores afirmo nunca haber leido la resolucion 196/96. La proporcion de los TLs sometidos a un CEI fue significativamente mayor entre autores que habian leido la resolucion 196/96 (p = 0,005). El diseno de los TLs influencio la no sumision de los trabajos a un CEI (p < 0,001). La mayoria de los TLs que fueron autorizados por el responsable de la institucion donde se llevaron a cabo fue sometida a un CEI (p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: La mayoria de los TLs presentados no se adecuo a las regulamentaciones brasilenas en etica en investigacion.BACKGROUND: In Brazil, resolution 196/96 and its amendments regulate the preservation of rights, respect and dignity of human beings involved in research. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the adequacy of Free Communications (FC) presented during the XVIII Congresso Pernambucano de Cardiologia to resolution 196/96. METHODS: During a cross-sectional study, interviews were carried out with the authors of the FC presented at the Congress and the abstracts of the studies were assessed in order to identify the need for previous approval by a Research Ethics Committee (REC). RESULTS: A total of 90 FC were presented and, in most of them (86.8%), medical files were the most commonly used source of data. Only 23.1% of the FC were submitted to the assessment of a REC and 15.4% of them used a Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF). Among the authors whose studies were not assessed by a REC, 65.6% stated that this conduct was not necessary and 18% of them were unaware of the need to submit the study to such assessment. The written authorization given by the institution where the FC were carried out was not obtained in 56.6% of the studies. Most of the authors (80.0%) stated that they had never read Resolution 196/96. The proportion of FC submitted to a REC was significantly higher among authors that had read Resolution 196/96 (p = 0.005). The FC design influenced the non-submission of the studies to a REC (p < 0.001). Most of the FC that were authorized by the institution where they were carried out were submitted to a REC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Most of the FC presented at the Congress did not follow the Brazilian regulations concerning the ethics in research.BACKGROUND In Brazil, resolution 196/96 and its amendments regulate the preservation of rights, respect and dignity of human beings involved in research. OBJECTIVE To analyze the adequacy of Free Communications (FC) presented during the XVIII Congresso Pernambucano de Cardiologia to resolution 196/96. METHODS During a cross-sectional study, interviews were carried out with the authors of the FC presented at the Congress and the abstracts of the studies were assessed in order to identify the need for previous approval by a Research Ethics Committee (REC). RESULTS A total of 90 FC were presented and, in most of them (86.8%), medical files were the most commonly used source of data. Only 23.1% of the FC were submitted to the assessment of a REC and 15.4% of them used a Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF). Among the authors whose studies were not assessed by a REC, 65.6% stated that this conduct was not necessary and 18% of them were unaware of the need to submit the study to such assessment. The written authorization given by the institution where the FC were carried out was not obtained in 56.6% of the studies. Most of the authors (80.0%) stated that they had never read Resolution 196/96. The proportion of FC submitted to a REC was significantly higher among authors that had read Resolution 196/96 (p = 0.005). The FC design influenced the non-submission of the studies to a REC (p < 0.001). Most of the FC that were authorized by the institution where they were carried out were submitted to a REC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Most of the FC presented at the Congress did not follow the Brazilian regulations concerning the ethics in research.

Ética em pesquisas com seres humanos: do conhecimento à prática

FUNDAMENTO: En Brasil, la resolucion 196/96 y sus complementaciones reglamentan la preservacion de los derechos, del respeto y de la dignidad de los seres humanos implicados en investigaciones. OBJETIVO: Analizar la adecuacion de los temas libres (TLs) presentados durante el XVIII Congreso Pernambucano de Cardiologia a la resolucion 196/96. METODOS: Estudio de Corte Transversal. Se realizaron entrevistas con autores de los TLs presentados. Se analizaron los resumenes de los trabajos con el objeto de identificar la necesidad de una previa aprobacion por un Comite de Etica en Investigacion (CEI). RESULTADOS: Se presentaron 90 TLs. La fuente de datos mas utilizada fueron prontuarios medicos (86,8%). Solamente un 23,1% de los TLs fueron sometidos a la evaluacion por un CEI y en el 15,4% se utilizo el Formulario de Consentimiento Informado (FCI). Entre los autores cuyos trabajos no se evaluaron por un CEI, el 65,6% afirmo que esta no era una conducta necesaria y el 18% de ellos desconocian la necesidad de llevar a cabo dicha evaluacion. La autorizacion escrita del responsable por la institucion donde los TLs fueron realizados no se obtuvo en un 56,6% de las investigaciones. La mayoria (80%) de los autores afirmo nunca haber leido la resolucion 196/96. La proporcion de los TLs sometidos a un CEI fue significativamente mayor entre autores que habian leido la resolucion 196/96 (p = 0,005). El diseno de los TLs influencio la no sumision de los trabajos a un CEI (p < 0,001). La mayoria de los TLs que fueron autorizados por el responsable de la institucion donde se llevaron a cabo fue sometida a un CEI (p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: La mayoria de los TLs presentados no se adecuo a las regulamentaciones brasilenas en etica en investigacion.BACKGROUND: In Brazil, resolution 196/96 and its amendments regulate the preservation of rights, respect and dignity of human beings involved in research. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the adequacy of Free Communications (FC) presented during the XVIII Congresso Pernambucano de Cardiologia to resolution 196/96. METHODS: During a cross-sectional study, interviews were carried out with the authors of the FC presented at the Congress and the abstracts of the studies were assessed in order to identify the need for previous approval by a Research Ethics Committee (REC). RESULTS: A total of 90 FC were presented and, in most of them (86.8%), medical files were the most commonly used source of data. Only 23.1% of the FC were submitted to the assessment of a REC and 15.4% of them used a Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF). Among the authors whose studies were not assessed by a REC, 65.6% stated that this conduct was not necessary and 18% of them were unaware of the need to submit the study to such assessment. The written authorization given by the institution where the FC were carried out was not obtained in 56.6% of the studies. Most of the authors (80.0%) stated that they had never read Resolution 196/96. The proportion of FC submitted to a REC was significantly higher among authors that had read Resolution 196/96 (p = 0.005). The FC design influenced the non-submission of the studies to a REC (p < 0.001). Most of the FC that were authorized by the institution where they were carried out were submitted to a REC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Most of the FC presented at the Congress did not follow the Brazilian regulations concerning the ethics in research.BACKGROUND In Brazil, resolution 196/96 and its amendments regulate the preservation of rights, respect and dignity of human beings involved in research. OBJECTIVE To analyze the adequacy of Free Communications (FC) presented during the XVIII Congresso Pernambucano de Cardiologia to resolution 196/96. METHODS During a cross-sectional study, interviews were carried out with the authors of the FC presented at the Congress and the abstracts of the studies were assessed in order to identify the need for previous approval by a Research Ethics Committee (REC). RESULTS A total of 90 FC were presented and, in most of them (86.8%), medical files were the most commonly used source of data. Only 23.1% of the FC were submitted to the assessment of a REC and 15.4% of them used a Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF). Among the authors whose studies were not assessed by a REC, 65.6% stated that this conduct was not necessary and 18% of them were unaware of the need to submit the study to such assessment. The written authorization given by the institution where the FC were carried out was not obtained in 56.6% of the studies. Most of the authors (80.0%) stated that they had never read Resolution 196/96. The proportion of FC submitted to a REC was significantly higher among authors that had read Resolution 196/96 (p = 0.005). The FC design influenced the non-submission of the studies to a REC (p < 0.001). Most of the FC that were authorized by the institution where they were carried out were submitted to a REC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Most of the FC presented at the Congress did not follow the Brazilian regulations concerning the ethics in research.

Ética en investigaciones con seres humanos: desde el conocimiento a la práctica

FUNDAMENTO: En Brasil, la resolucion 196/96 y sus complementaciones reglamentan la preservacion de los derechos, del respeto y de la dignidad de los seres humanos implicados en investigaciones. OBJETIVO: Analizar la adecuacion de los temas libres (TLs) presentados durante el XVIII Congreso Pernambucano de Cardiologia a la resolucion 196/96. METODOS: Estudio de Corte Transversal. Se realizaron entrevistas con autores de los TLs presentados. Se analizaron los resumenes de los trabajos con el objeto de identificar la necesidad de una previa aprobacion por un Comite de Etica en Investigacion (CEI). RESULTADOS: Se presentaron 90 TLs. La fuente de datos mas utilizada fueron prontuarios medicos (86,8%). Solamente un 23,1% de los TLs fueron sometidos a la evaluacion por un CEI y en el 15,4% se utilizo el Formulario de Consentimiento Informado (FCI). Entre los autores cuyos trabajos no se evaluaron por un CEI, el 65,6% afirmo que esta no era una conducta necesaria y el 18% de ellos desconocian la necesidad de llevar a cabo dicha evaluacion. La autorizacion escrita del responsable por la institucion donde los TLs fueron realizados no se obtuvo en un 56,6% de las investigaciones. La mayoria (80%) de los autores afirmo nunca haber leido la resolucion 196/96. La proporcion de los TLs sometidos a un CEI fue significativamente mayor entre autores que habian leido la resolucion 196/96 (p = 0,005). El diseno de los TLs influencio la no sumision de los trabajos a un CEI (p < 0,001). La mayoria de los TLs que fueron autorizados por el responsable de la institucion donde se llevaron a cabo fue sometida a un CEI (p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: La mayoria de los TLs presentados no se adecuo a las regulamentaciones brasilenas en etica en investigacion.BACKGROUND: In Brazil, resolution 196/96 and its amendments regulate the preservation of rights, respect and dignity of human beings involved in research. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the adequacy of Free Communications (FC) presented during the XVIII Congresso Pernambucano de Cardiologia to resolution 196/96. METHODS: During a cross-sectional study, interviews were carried out with the authors of the FC presented at the Congress and the abstracts of the studies were assessed in order to identify the need for previous approval by a Research Ethics Committee (REC). RESULTS: A total of 90 FC were presented and, in most of them (86.8%), medical files were the most commonly used source of data. Only 23.1% of the FC were submitted to the assessment of a REC and 15.4% of them used a Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF). Among the authors whose studies were not assessed by a REC, 65.6% stated that this conduct was not necessary and 18% of them were unaware of the need to submit the study to such assessment. The written authorization given by the institution where the FC were carried out was not obtained in 56.6% of the studies. Most of the authors (80.0%) stated that they had never read Resolution 196/96. The proportion of FC submitted to a REC was significantly higher among authors that had read Resolution 196/96 (p = 0.005). The FC design influenced the non-submission of the studies to a REC (p < 0.001). Most of the FC that were authorized by the institution where they were carried out were submitted to a REC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Most of the FC presented at the Congress did not follow the Brazilian regulations concerning the ethics in research.BACKGROUND In Brazil, resolution 196/96 and its amendments regulate the preservation of rights, respect and dignity of human beings involved in research. OBJECTIVE To analyze the adequacy of Free Communications (FC) presented during the XVIII Congresso Pernambucano de Cardiologia to resolution 196/96. METHODS During a cross-sectional study, interviews were carried out with the authors of the FC presented at the Congress and the abstracts of the studies were assessed in order to identify the need for previous approval by a Research Ethics Committee (REC). RESULTS A total of 90 FC were presented and, in most of them (86.8%), medical files were the most commonly used source of data. Only 23.1% of the FC were submitted to the assessment of a REC and 15.4% of them used a Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF). Among the authors whose studies were not assessed by a REC, 65.6% stated that this conduct was not necessary and 18% of them were unaware of the need to submit the study to such assessment. The written authorization given by the institution where the FC were carried out was not obtained in 56.6% of the studies. Most of the authors (80.0%) stated that they had never read Resolution 196/96. The proportion of FC submitted to a REC was significantly higher among authors that had read Resolution 196/96 (p = 0.005). The FC design influenced the non-submission of the studies to a REC (p < 0.001). Most of the FC that were authorized by the institution where they were carried out were submitted to a REC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Most of the FC presented at the Congress did not follow the Brazilian regulations concerning the ethics in research.

Educación permanente en SBV y SAV: impacto en el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería

BACKGROUND The theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the Basic Life Support (BLS) and the Advanced Life Support (ALS) are among the most important determining factors of the cardiopulmonary reanimation success rates. OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of a permanent training program in BLS and ALS on the knowledge of nursing professionals. METHOD Cross-sectional study. Population was made of nursing professionals of a tertiary level hospital. Assessments were carried out before and after training. The critical points of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) analysis were addressed. RESULTS 213 professionals were assessed (76 nurses, 35.7%; 38 assistants, 17.8%; and 99 technicians, 46.7%). Pre-course assessment average grades were statistically different (p<0.001) among assistants (3.25), technicians (3.96) and nurses (4.69). Single professional without kids showed performance significantly superior to married professional with kids (p=0.02 and 0.004 respectively). Pre-training level of knowledge was inversely proportional to the time elapsed since the completion of undergraduate course or technical course. Main deficiencies were related to the initial approach of airways, to post-resuscitation cares and to the external cardiac massage technique. The post-course general average grade was 7.26. Assistants achieved a performance of 131.2%, technicians, of 78.9% and the nurses, of 85%, with no significant statistic difference (p=0.43). CONCLUSION The permanent training program in BLS and ALS resulted in important increment in the level of knowledge of nursing professionals.FUNDAMENTO: O conhecimento teorico e as habilidades praticas das equipes de Suporte Basico de Vida (SBV) e Suporte Avancado de Vida (SAV) estao entre os determinantes mais importantes das taxas de sucesso em reanimacao cardiopulmonar. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto de um programa permanente de treinamento em SBV e SAV no conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem. METODO: Estudo de corte transversal. A populacao foi composta por profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de nivel terciario. Foram realizadas avaliacoes antes e apos o treinamento. Abordaram-se pontos criticos das diretrizes do International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 213 profissionais (76 enfermeiros, 35,7%; 38 auxiliares, 17,8%; e 99 tecnicos, 46,7%). As medias na avaliacao pre-curso foram estatisticamente diferentes (p<0,001) entre auxiliares (3,25), tecnicos (3,96) e enfermeiros (4,69). Os profissionais solteiros e sem filhos apresentaram desempenho significativamente superior ao dos casados e com filhos (p=0,02 e 0,004 respectivamente). O nivel de conhecimento pre-treinamento foi inversamente proporcional ao tempo transcorrido desde a conclusao da graduacao ou curso tecnico. As maiores deficiencias foram relacionadas a abordagem inicial das vias aereas, aos cuidados pos-ressuscitacao e a tecnica de massagem cardiaca externa. A media geral pos-curso foi 7,26. Os auxiliares alcancaram um desempenho de 131,2%, os tecnicos de 78,9% e os enfermeiros de 85%, sem diferenca estatisticamente significante (p=0,43). CONCLUSAO: O programa de treinamento permanente em SBV e SAV resultou em importante incremento no nivel de conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem.