Michele A. Sharr

The discovery of anthranilic acid-Based MMP inhibitors. Part 2: SAR of the 5-position and P11 groups

A novel series of anthranilic acid-based inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and TACE was prepared and evaluated. Selective inhibitors of MMP-9, MMP-13, and TACE were identified, including the potent, orally active MMP-13 inhibitor 4p.

The discovery of anthranilic acid-based MMP inhibitors. Part 1: SAR of the 3-position

A novel series of anthranilic acid-based inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13 was prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The most potent compound, 6e, has in vivo activity in a rat sponge-wrapped cartilage model.

Therapeutic blood levels of sirolimus (rapamycin) in the allografted rat.

A study was conducted to determine the relationship among oral dose, trough whole blood levels, graft survival, and side effects in sirolimus-treated allografted rats. The heterotopic heart allograft model using Brown Norway donors and Lewis rat recipients was used. Rats were dosed daily with sirolimus or vehicle until graft failure or up to a maximum of 28 days. Upon graft failure, rats were bled for measurement of trough blood levels of drug and tissues sent for histopathologic analysis. Sirolimus blood concentration correlated positively with dose and graft survival. Significant graft survival occurred at whole blood trough levels of 0.5 ng/ml achieved at the 0.3 mg/kg/day dose. Analysis of the concentration-effect data using a sigmoidal Emax model calculated a whole blood EC50 of 2.0 ng/ml for graft survival. With mean trough concentrations of 7 ng/ml and higher, grafts survived after cessation of drug treatment. At the 0.8 mg/kg/day dose, there was a significant decrease in body weight gain in the rats. Histopathologic examination of sirolimus-treated animals detected thymic and lymphoid atrophy, both considered pharmacologic extensions of sirolimuss immunosuppressive activity and focal myocardial degeneration, an exacerbation of a spontaneous occurring lesion. These results demonstrate that sirolimus prolongs graft survival in rat in a concentration dependent manner with therapeutic whole blood levels of about 10 ng/ml.

The discovery of anthranilic acid-based mmp inhibitors. Part 3: incorporation of basic amines

Anthranilic acid derivatives bearing basic amines were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo as inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and TACE. Piperazine 4u has been identified as a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of MMP-9 and MMP-13.

The synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of diazepine MMP inhibitors.

A novel series of diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.

Benzodiazepine inhibitors of the MMPs and TACE.

A series of benzodiazepine inhibitors of the MMPs and TACE has been developed. These compounds display an interesting selectivity profile and should be useful tools for exploring the biological relevance of such selectivity.

Heteroaryl and Cycloalkyl Sulfonamide Hydroxamic Acid Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Heteroaryl and cycloalkyl sulfonamide-hydroxamic acid MMP inhibitors were investigated. Of these, the pyridyl analogue 2 is the most potent and selective inhibitor of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in vitro.

The asymmetric synthesis and in vitro characterization of succinyl mercaptoalcohol and mercaptoketone inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

A series of succinyl based mercaptoketones and diastereomeric mercaptoalcohols were prepared and evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-1 (MMP-1), stromelysin (MMP-3), and gelatinase-B (MMP-9).

Malonyl α-mercaptoketones and α-mercaptoalcohols, a new class of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors

Abstract A novel series of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors is described. Incorporation of a terminal α-mercaptoketone or α-mercaptoalcohol in the zinc binding domain of a series of inhibitors led to compounds exhibiting low nanomolar activity against collagenase-1 (MMP-1), stromelysin (MMP-3), and gelatinase-B (MMP-9).

Dialysis tubing implant assay in the rat : A novel in vivo method for identifying inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

A novel model to assess the in vivo bioactivity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors is described. A solution containing the target enzyme, either stromelysin (MMP‐3) or collagenase (MMP‐1), was put inside dialysis tubing which was then implanted either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in the back of a rat. The rat was dosed with inhibitor, the dialysis tubing was recovered after a set period of time, and its contents were analyzed for inhibition of enzyme activity. The MMP inhibitors tested were each able to significantly block enzyme activity after either intravenous or oral administration. In vitro, a minimum of 30 min was required for the drugs to maximally equilibrate across the dialysis membrane and inhibit enzyme activity. In the rat, significant inhibition of stromelysin activity was observed at 45 min after intravenous drug administration but was maximal at 60 min. Dialysis tubing of various molecular weight cutoffs from 3,500 to 14,000 did not affect the amount of inhibition exerted by the compounds. The enzyme activity recovered from the dialysis tubing was quantitated by either spectrophotometric or fluorometric assays using specific substrates. This model determined the bioactivity of different chemical classes of known inhibitors of stromelysin and collagenase in a rapid and convenient manner. The dialysis tubing implant model can be expanded to assess the pharmacodynamic bioactivity of a diverse group of drugs using various targets inside the dialysis tubing. Drug Dev. Res. 43:200–205, 1998.