Midori Koketsu

Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract The essential oil from fresh leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed through a combination of GC and GC/MS. Compounds representing 98.3% of the oil were identified. Forty-five constituents were identified according to their chromatographic retention indices and mass spectra. The major constituents of the oil were camphor (26.0%), 1,8-cineole (22.1%), myrcene (12.4%) and α-pinene (11.5%).

Óleos essenciais de cascas e folhas de canela (Cinnamomum verum Presl) cultivada no Paraná

The bark and leaf essential oils of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl, syn. C. zeylanicum Bl.) grown at IAPAR (Experimental Station of Morretes) were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The barks and leaves were collected from a group of 12 trees submitted to single organic manuring (MO) or conjugated with chemical fertilization (C). Samples from the individual trees were compared by headspace analysis, gathered and subjected to steam distillation. The average yields of the essential oils were 0.2% (barks) and 2.0% (leaves). The cinnamaldehyde content of the bark essential oils was 54.7% (MO) and 58.4% (C). The eugenol content of the leaf essential oils was 94.1% (5 trees - MO) and 95.1% (5 trees - C). However the leaf essential oil compositions of a single tree from each treatment were different from the other trees showing eugenol contents of 58.7% (MO) and 55.1% (C), and a high safrol amount (29.6% and 39.5%, respectively). No difference was observed in the composition or contents of individual components as a consequence of fertilization.

Sulphur constituents of the essential oil of nira (Allium tuberosum Rottl.) cultivated in Brazil

The essential oil, obtained from fresh leaves of nira (Allium tuberosum Rottl.) by steam distillation, was analysed by HRGC and GC–MS. Sulphur-containing compounds identified account for 84% of the oil. Besides the sulphur compounds commonly reported in the genus Allium, three unusual volatile sulphur-containing components were found and they can be grouped as 1-(methylthio)alk(en)yl alk(en)yl disulphides. The compound identified as allyl 1-(methylthio)ethyl disulphide is described in the literature for the first time.

Chemical composition of Pourouma guianensis Aublet essential oils

The essential oils from leaves, stem barks and pistillate flowers of Pourouma guianensis Aublet (Moraceae) were isolated by hydrodistillation and the volatile constituents were determined by HRGC and HRGC–MS. Methyl salicylate was the major compound identified in all oils studied and was present in yields of 20.8% (leaves), 31.2% (stem bark) and 62.2% (pistillate flowers). Altogether, 50 constituents have been identified in the essential oil obtained from leaves, representing 76.6% of the total oil. Aliphatic C6 alcohols and esters were, in number and in quantity, the principal constituents (29.5%). Oxygenated monoterpenes were found to be an important group of compounds and the most representative compound was linalol (2.4%). Thirty-eight components were identified in the essential oil from stem barks, representing 79.3% of the total oil. Among the monoterpenes identified, linalol was the principal compound (0.8%). The total content of fatty acids amounted to 40.0%. Analysis of the essential oil from pistillate flowers allowed the identification of 36 compounds, representing 88.5% of the oil. Ten oxygenated monoterpenes were identified, whereas linalol and its furan derivatives (9.7%), nerol (0.4%) and geraniol (1.3%) were the most abundant. Five aromatic derivatives were identified in the pistillate flower essential oil: methyl salicylate (62.2%), ethyl salicylate (0.1%), benzyl salicylate (0.2%), benzyl benzoate (0.3%) and benzaldehyde (0.1%). Copyright

Essential Oil of Moschosma riparium Hochst. (Lamiaceae) from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of Moschosma riparium Hochst. from Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil was investigated by GC and GC/MS. A total of 66 compounds were identified among monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. The major components found in the oil were fenchone (19.9%), l4-hydroxy-9-epi-β-caryophyllene (12.3%), α-cadinol (5.2%), isocaryophyllene (3.9%), camphor (3.4%) and δ-cadinene (3.1%).

Essential Oil Composition of Brazilian Pourouma Species

Abstract The chemical composition of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from ripe fruits and leaves of Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius, Pourouma mollis Trécul and Pourouma velutina Martius ex Miguel was determined by GC and GC/MS. From ripe fruits of P. cecropiifolici Martius, 24 compounds were identified, accounting for 73.8% of the oil. Oxygenated monoterpenes were found to be an important group of constituents with linalool (3.1%) predominating. A new monoterpene, 2-methoxγ-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (2-methoxybornylene), was tentatively identified by mass spectrometry. In addition, 29, 37 and 26 constituents were identified in the leaf oils of P. cecropiifolia, P. mollis and P. velutina, respectively. Aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes and esters (C3-C9) were quantitatively the most significant components. (Z)-3-Hexenol was clearly the dominant product occurring in contents of 26.7%, 22.3% and 3.2%, respectively. The major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in the analyzed oils were β-caryophyllene (9.1%) and (E,E)-α-farnesene (4.0%) from P. cecropiifolia oil; (E,E)-farnesene (1.7%) from P. mollis oil; and (1.5%) from P. velutina oil. Linalool (26.1%) was the major compound identified in the volatile fraction of P. mollis. It was also identified in the oils of P. cecropiifolia (1.2%) and P. velutina (1.7%). Phytol was the main constituent of the leaf oil of P. velutina. Methyl salicylate was also identified in the leaf oils of P. cecropiifolia (1.6%), P. mollis (1.4%) and P. velutina (2.8%).