Miguel Ángel Casado

GAFAnomy (Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple): The Big Four and the b-Ecosystem

Information and Communication Technologies have fostered the emergence of companies such as Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple, known as GAFA, on the Internet. These companies are interrelated, form the business ecosystems (b-ecosystems) and have a core activity which they complement with others.

Television to Save a Language and a Culture: The Basque Case

The differences in European regional televisions are the results of the diversity that exists between regions and states themselves and also of the different ways in which the processes of liberalization and decentralization have taken place in the relevant television systems (Garitaonandia, 1993). When we speak of “television in the regions,” we use a single expression for television stations whose social function, coverage area, degree of autonomy, budget, staff, number of broadcasting hours, and proportion of in-house production can vary greatly. For example, consider the differences between the German Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), TV3 of Catalonia (Spain), Sianel Pedwar Cymru (the fourth channel in Wales, United Kingdom), RTP Acores (Portugal) or a regional television station of Channel 2 in Denmark (Wolton, 1989).