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Dive into the research topics where Miguel Espinosa is active.

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Featured researches published by Miguel Espinosa.


Australian Forestry | 2002

Analysis of productivity of radiata pine plantations under different silvicultural regimes using the 3-PG process-based model

Rolando Rodríguez; Miguel Espinosa; Pedro Real; Juan Carlos Inzunza

Summary The effects of crown structure and management of site resources on production of wood were studied. Growth and development of three stands with agroforestry management were compared with a traditionally managed stand. The 3-PG model, validated through stem analysis, was used to estimate growth. It was concluded that the leaf area index was strongly controlled by the plantation design and final stand density. The fertilisation regime had positive effects on leaf area index but its potential was limited by crown structure. In the traditional forestry regime, increment of stem wood biomass was strongly related to leaf area index. In stands with agroforestry management, however, stem increment was associated with changes in allocation of carbohydrate from the biomass of fine roots, caused by fertilisation. Final production of wood is more affected by thinning, because of the effect of thinning on crown structure, than by the availability of site resources. The maximisation of wood production will depend upon the combined management of site resources and the intensity and opportunity of thinning.


Archive | 2011

Carbon Sequestration Potential of Silvopastoral and Other Land Use Systems in the Chilean Patagonia

Francis Dube; Naresh V. Thevathasan; Erick Zagal; Andrew M. Gordon; Neal Stolpe; Miguel Espinosa

This study was undertaken to quantify the carbon (C) sequestration potentials in three predominant ecosystems on the volcanic soils in Patagonia, Chile. The systems were: Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws. – based silvopastoral systems arranged in strips (silvopasture), 18-year-old managed exotic stands (plantation), and natural prairie (prairie), in Patagonia, Chile. Most of the data used in the construction of C models were derived from experimental plots, where litterfall, decomposition, soil respiration, and soil C were measured. The values for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by cattle and fertilizer application were obtained from the literature. In the silvopasture and the plantation, total above- and belowground tree C stock accounted for 69% and 64% of the total system C, respectively. Total above- and belowground C pools were 224, 199, and 177 Mg C ha−1, with the aboveground: belowground C pool ratios of 1:10, 1:5, and 1:177, respectively, for silvopasture, plantation, and prairie. Soil respiration decreased in the order prairie >silvopasture >plantation. The C leached beyond the root zone (in leachate collected at 80 cm soil depth) decreased in the order plantation >prairie >silvopasture. Estimated system net C flux was +1.8, +2.5, and −2.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for the silvopasture, plantation, and prairie, respectively. Based on this study it is estimated that establishing silvopastoral systems with cattle over a land area of approximately 481 km2 or 0.33% of the Chilean Patagonia territory would be adequate to offset all C losses from cattle-based livestock systems.


Journal of The Chilean Chemical Society | 2004

EFFECT OF TREE AGE ON VARIATION OF PINUS RADIATA D. DON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Alexánder Berrocal; Jaime Baeza; Jaime Rodríguez; Miguel Espinosa; Juanita Freer

In this current research, the chemical composition of Pinus radiata D. Don trees from different age classes was determined. To achieve this, a hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid method was used. Significant differences on chemical composition associated to age were found. Values obtained are necessary to establish feasibility of using this biomass resource at ages in which, sugar contents result both quality and quantity favorable to produce biofuels (bioethanol process) or chemical compounds (biorefinery process).


Forest Ecology and Management | 2003

Needle mass, fine root and stem wood production in response to silvicultural treatment, tree size and competitive status in radiata pine stands

Rolando Rodríguez; Miguel Espinosa; Glenn Hofmann; Margarita Marchant

The effect of silvicultural regime, tree size and competitive status on needle mass, root fine production and allocation of carbon to stem wood was analyzed. Three stands with different agroforestry treatments were compared with one managed traditionally. Data were obtained through destructive sampling of 36 trees and analyzed by ANOVA and regression analysis. The analysis allowed us to conclude that foliage mass was not affected by the silvicultural treatment, tree size or competitive status. Fine root biomass showed an inverse relationship with fertilization. Growth efficiency was not affected by the management treatment, tree size, or intraspecific competition. The greater stem wood allocation recorded in the agroforestry treatment than in the forestry regime, is interpreted as a response to two different types of competition. Competition for light appears to induce growth in height and diameter as a function of local environment conditions. Competition for nutrients appears to reduce allocation to fine roots and increase allocation to stem wood. # 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Bosque (valdivia) | 2005

Características del crecimiento en diámetro, altura y volumen de una plantación de Eucalyptus nitens sometida a tratamientos silvícolas de poda y raleo

Fernando Muñoz; Miguel Espinosa; Miguel Ángel Herrera; Jorge Cancino

Chile posee una importante superficie de plantaciones de Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden destinada fundamentalmente a la obtencion de madera para pulpa. Sin embargo, debido a los permanentes cambios que presenta el mercado de la madera y la necesidad de obtener mayores retornos economicos de los cultivos forestales, se requiere obtener otros productos provenientes de estas plantaciones, como trozas para madera aserrada y chapas. El presente documento entrega los resultados obtenidos en un ensayo de poda y raleo en Eucalyptus nitens despues de ocho anos de control. El ensayo se establecio en una plantacion del ano 1989, ubicada cercana a la localidad de Los Alamos, VIII Region, segun un arreglo factorial de dos factores: intensidad de raleo (sin raleo, 800 y 400 arb ha-1) y severidad de poda (sin poda, 3,5 y 7,0 m) y tres repeticiones. Se efectuaron tres mediciones: al establecimiento del ensayo, en octubre de 1995 (6 anos de edad), y posteriormente en octubre de los anos 1999 (10 anos de edad) y 2003 (14 anos de edad). Se midio el diametro a la altura del pecho (dap) de todos los arboles y alturas totales en una submuestra de 15 arboles por parcela. Ocho anos despues de aplicado los tratamientos, las parcelas mas intensamente raleadas presentan los mayores crecimientos en diametro y volumen por arbol. El raleo tuvo un efecto significativo en el crecimiento de los arboles, no asi la poda. El crecimiento en diametro, altura y volumen por arbol de los 400 arboles de mayor dap por hectarea no varia significativamente entre tratamientos. El mayor volumen por hectarea se alcanza en el tratamiento 1.100 arb ha-1 y 3,5 m de poda con 680,0 m3 ha-1 y un incremento medio anual (IMA) de 48,6 m3 ha-1 ano-1.


Revista Chilena de Historia Natural | 2003

Biomass partitioning and leaf area of Pinus radiata trees subjected to silvopastoral and conventional forestry in the VI region, Chile

Rolando Rodríguez; Glenn Hofmann; Miguel Espinosa; Darcy Ríos

Se analizaron los efectos del regimen silvicola en el area foliar y distribucion de biomasa en arboles de Pinus radiata de 16 anos, creciendo en la zona semiarida de Chile. Para ello se compararon tres rodales con manejo silvopastoral con uno manejado en forma tradicional. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante muestreo destructivo de 36 arboles y se analizaron mediante MANOVA y regresion en modelos de ANCOVA. Los resultados permiten concluir que el regimen de manejo afecto el area foliar. El area foliar especifica fue afectada por el regimen silvicola y su posicion en la copa. La biomasa total por arbol con regimen silvopastoral es 2,1 a 2,5 veces mayor que los arboles con regimen solo forestal. Sin embargo, la distribucion de la biomasa aerea no fue afectada por el regimen silvicola ni por los diferentes manejos silvopastorales. El cambio alometrico mas importante fue en la biomasa de raices finas, la que fue mayor en el regimen de manejo forestal tradicional que el silvopastoral. La relacion significativa entre biomasa de raices finas y componentes de la copa concuerda con el modelo de balance funcional y aumenta cuando la distribucion de las plantas es uniforme. La biomasa de raices finas decrece con la fertilizacion. Ambos factores explican los cambios de biomasa de raices finas a los componentes de la copa. Sin embargo, la magnitud de estos cambios es influenciada por la estructura de copas.


New Forests | 2009

First report of Ectinogonia buquetti (Spin.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in bioenergy plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.) in Chile

Bernardo C. Valdebenito; Simón Sandoval; Edwin Esquivel; Eduardo Acuña; Miguel Espinosa; Jorge Cancino; Rafael A. Rubilar; Fernando Muñoz; Luis A. Cerda

Ectinogonia buquetti (Spin.) (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) was identified as the agent causing damage on a Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.) bioenergy plantation. Damage affected the principal apex and upper lateral branches and loss of lateral branches on E. camaldulensis due to complete ring-barking. E. buquetti is a coleopteron native to Chile, it preferably feeds on the wood of native species. A total of 205 individuals, all adults were found; 45% of the plants presented some type of damage.


Bosque (valdivia) | 2008

Efecto de poda y raleo en el área foliar de Eucalyptus nitens

Fernando Muñoz; Miguel Espinosa; Jorge Cancino; Rafael A. Rubilar; Miguel Ángel Herrera

SUMMARY Eucalyptus nitens is an important commercial fast growing species planted mainly in Chile and Australia (Tasmania). In Chile there are not previously published studies quantifying leaf area in adult forest plantations of E. nitens. This study presents the effect of pruning and thinning intensities, applied at age 6 in a E. nitens stand, and on the amount of leaf area sustained at 15 years old. A factorial experiment considering pruning (0 m, 3.5 m and 7 m height) and stocking (1,100, 800 and 400 trees ha-1) was established in 1989 near Los Alamos town in central Chile. Using the average tree method, 27 trees were sampled destructively for biomass and leaf area assessments. Projected leaf area, leaf area index, and specific leaf area were estimated for each sampled tree. The results indicate that projected leaf area and leaf area index reached a maximum of 64.7 m2 tree-1 at 400 trees ha-1 stocking and 3.48 m2 m-2 at 800 trees ha-1 stocking respectively. Specific leaf area was higher (43.2 cm2 g-1) at higher stocking (1,100 trees ha-1). For all treatments projected leaf area and leaf area index were higher in the central section of the crown. Allometric relationships were obtained using diameter at the base of the live crown and stump diameter. The information presented in this study allows giving a more functional explanation of the horizontal and vertical behavior of the leaf area, at different stocking.


Revista Arvore | 2013

EFECTO DE PLANTACIONES DENDROENERGÉTICAS EN EL CARBONO A NIVEL DE SUELO, EN DOS SUELOS CONTRASTANTES DE LA REGIÓN DE BIOBÍO, CHILE

Edwin Esquivel; Rafael A. Rubilar; Simón Sandoval; Eduardo Acuña; Jorge Cancino; Miguel Espinosa; Fernando Muñoz

La biomasa forestal como fuente de energia proveniente de plantaciones dendroenergeticas, al compararla con combustibles fosiles, presenta la ventaja de producir energia carbono-neutral, dado el secuestro de carbono (C) fijado en la biomasa producida y los aportes al suelo. Plantaciones forestales de corta rotacion, altas densidades, y localizadas en terrenos marginales pueden representar una excelente oportunidad de produccion de biomasa para la produccion de energia o combustibles. Sin embargo, los beneficios en el corto plazo del aumento del C a nivel de suelo en sitios marginales han sido cuestionados. Se establecieron plantaciones dendroenergeticas con las especies Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. nitens, E. globulus, y Acacia melanoxylon a densidades de 5.000, 7.500 y 10.000 plantas por hectarea, en dos sitios de produccion forestal marginal con suelos contrastantes (arenales y granitico) localizados en la Region del Biobio de Chile. Evaluaciones periodicas durante 4 anos a 0-20 y 20-40 cm de profundidad, del nivel de C en cada uno de los suelos evaluados, sugiere efectos de la edad (tiempo) desde el establecimiento de la plantacion (P < 0,001). A pesar de los cambios observados en el tiempo, la escasa diferencia en los niveles observados de C en el suelo mineral para los 48 meses de estudio comparados a los primeros 2 meses post-plantacion, sugiere una rapida capacidad de recuperacion de los niveles de C del suelo en un corto periodo.


Bosque (valdivia) | 2013

Paper-based productivity ranking of Chilean forestry institutions

Eduardo Acuña; Miguel Espinosa; Jorge Cancino

Se analizo la productividad cientifica, para el periodo 2000-2011, de las instituciones de investigacion chilenas relacionadas con el sector forestal en base a la informacion extraida de las dos principales bases de datos cientificas en linea Scopus y Web of Science (WoS). Los factores analizados fueron: numero de publicaciones indexadas en WoS y Scopus, frecuencia de citas, indices de impacto, Indice h, contribucion internacional, autocitas y el area tematica de las revistas. Se seleccionaron todos aquellos articulos en los cuales se indicaba la afiliacion de los investigadores a las facultades que impartian la carrera de Ingenieria Forestal dentro del periodo de estudio y a instituciones publicas y privadas vinculadas con el sector forestal. Con esta informacion, se establecio un ranking de productividad cientifica para cada institucion en funcion del numero de publicaciones registradas en WoS. Los resultados muestran que las universidades que ofrecen Ingenieria Forestal han publicado 515 articulos en revistas indexadas en WoS y 625 en Scopus, correspondiente al 88,5 y el 85,0 % de las publicaciones en el periodo, respectivamente. Las universidades de Concepcion, Austral de Chile y de Chile concentran mas de dos tercios de los articulos indexados en WoS y Scopus; el numero de publicaciones por investigador indica que la Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile y Universidad de Concepcion ocupan el primer y segundo lugar seguidos por la Universidad Austral de Chile y la Universidad de Chile. La mayoria de los articulos se publicaron (mas del 80 %) entre los anos 2006-2011. Las principales areas de investigacion en la universidades de Concepcion, Austral de Chile y de Chile son -segun la denominacion de WoS- Forestry y Biodiversity, Conservation and Ecology. En la Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile es Agriculture

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Edwin Esquivel

Costa Rica Institute of Technology

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