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Featured researches published by Mikael Perstorper.


European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | 1994

Quality of structural timber-product specification system required by end-users

Germund Johansson; Robert Kliger; Mikael Perstorper

Interviews conducted with the end-users of timber products revealed that their knowledge of timber is very poor. However, building contractors are not satisfied with the quality of timber, primarily as a result of its excessive warp. Their requirements are not passed on to the producers in the forest and sawmill industry. The quality of a timber product should be described in a specification of requirements for each individual product. In this paper, a systematic analysis of the end users expectations is presented and is illustrated using a product specification for wall studs. The proposed acceptance levels are based on interviews with contractors and derived from the requirements set for the wall. The current grading rules are more generous than our proposal. Field tests by carpenters showed that our proposal limits appear to be reasonable. A study of commercially-available studs showed that it should be possible both technically and economically to produce studs which fulfil our requirements. If timber is to hold its own as a building material, the forest and sawmill industry will have to produce products which match the end users requirements.ZusammenfassungUmfrageergebnisse unter Enduntzern von Bauschnittholz zeigten, daß deren Kenntnisstand über diese Produkte sehr gering ist. Sie sind jedoch nicht zufrieden mit der Qualität des Bauholzes, vor allem aufgrund starker Verformungen. Die Anforderungen an das Bauholz werden nicht an die Hersteller im Forst und in Sägewerken weitergegeben. Die Qualität dieser Produkte sollte durch spezifische Anforderungsprofile beschrieben werden. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird eine systematische Analyse der Erwartungen der Endverbraucher vorgelegt und am Beispiel einer Produkt-Spezifikation für Wandpfosten erläutert. Aufgrund der Befragungen und der Anforderungen für den Holzbau werden bestimmte Akzeptanz-Grade vorgeschlagen. Die derzeitigen Sortierungs-Regeln sind großzügiger als die neu vorgeschlagenen. Felduntersuchungen bei Zimmerleuten ließen die neuen Grenzwerte als vernünftig erscheinen. Eine Untersuchung handelsüblicher Pfosten ergab, daß es sowohl in technischer als auch in ökonomischer Hinsicht möglich sein sollte, Bauschnittholz entsprechend den neuen Anforderungen herzustellen. Wenn Schnittholz seine Eigenständigkeit als Baumaterial beibehalten soll, müssen Forst- und Sägebetriebe Produkte liefern, die sich an den Erfordernissen der Endnutzer orientieren.


European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | 2001

Distortion of Norway spruce timber Part 1. Variation of relevant wood properties

Mikael Perstorper; Marie Johansson; Robert Kliger; Germund Johansson

Picea abies) trees from one fast-grown and one slow-grown stand in southern Sweden. From the trees 240 studs (45 × 70 × 2500 mm) were taken for measurement of distortion. Wood properties were measured on small specimens (13 × 13 × 200 mm) cut from the studs. Spiral grain angle was found to vary from approximately +3° (left-handed) close to pith to zero 150 mm from pith with a strong individual variation. The material from the fast-grown stand had a larger spiral grain angle compared with the slow-grown material. Spiral grain was poorly correlated to other parameters. Presence of knots had a substantial influence on longitudinal shrinkage (αl) measurements. Specimens with large knots (KAR > 33%) had almost 100% higher longitudinal shrinkage than specimens without knots. It should be pointed out, however, that measuring shrinkage in small specimens containing even small knots can create a problem with regards to the obtained results, especially results of αl. It was found that presence of compression wood in several growth rings more than doubled the longitudinal shrinkage. For the radial and tangential direction the presence of compression wood decreased shrinkage with about 30%. The ratio between tangential and longitudinal shrinkage was 49 for normal wood whereas for compression wood the ratio was 13. These results confirm the theory that the microfibril angle governs shrinkage. Longitudinal shrinkage decreased slightly with increased distance from pith whereas radial and tangential shrinkage did not display any substantial radial variation. The fast-grown material had generally a higher longitudinal shrinkage and lower transverse shrinkage than the material from the slow-grown stand. About 50% of the variation in longitudinal shrinkage was explained by radial position, density and ring width. Density and ring width did explain 60% of the variation in radial shrinkage but only 30% of the variation in tangential shrinkage.Picea abies) von einem schnell- und einem langsamwachsenden Standort wurden verwendet. Daraus wurden 240 Kanthölzer der Abmessung 45 × 70 × 2500 mm geschnitten und daran die Verwerfung bestimmt. Holzeigenschaften wurden an kleinen Proben (13 × 13 × 200 mm) gemessen, die aus diesen Kanthölzern hergestellt wurden. Der Faserwinkel variierte zwischen +3° in der Nähe der Markröhre bis 0° bei 150 mm Abstand vom Mark mit großer individueller Streubreite. Die Proben vom schnellwachsenden Standort hatten einen größeren Faserwinkel als die vom langsamwachsenden Standort. Die Korrelation des Faserwinkels zu anderen Holzeigenschaften war nur sehr schwach. Anwesenheit von Ästen hatte einen bedeutsamen Einfluß auf das longitudinale Schwinden (αl); es lag bei hohen Astanteilen (KAR > 33%) fast 100% höher als bei astreinen Proben. Es allerdings muß betont werden, daß bei der Messung an kleinen Proben schon kleine Äste problematisch sind, speziell für αl. Weiter zeigte sich, daß Anteile von Druckholz in einigen Jahrringen das longitudinale Schwinden mindestens verdoppeln. Radiales und tangentiales Schwinden wird durch Druckholzanteile um etwa 30% verringert. Das Verhältnis zwischen tangentialem und longitudinalem Schwinden betrug 49 für normales Holz, bei Druckholz lag dieses Verhältnis bei 13. Die Ergebnisse stützen die These, daß der Mikrofibrillwinkel das Schwinden regelt. Longitudinales Schwinden nahm mit zunehmender Entfernung vom Mark langsam ab, während radiales und tangentiales Schwinden keine wesentlichen Änderungen aufwiesen. Schnellwachsendes Holz zeigte allgemein höhere Schwindwerte als langsamwachsendes Material. Rund 50% des longitudinalen Schwindens werden erklärt durch die Parameter radiale Position, Dichte und Jahrringbreite. Dichte und Jahrringbreite erklären 60% des radialen Schwindens, aber nur 30% des tangentialen Schwindens.


European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | 2001

Distortion of Norway spruce timber Part 2. Modelling twist

Marie Johansson; Mikael Perstorper; Robert Kliger; Germund Johansson

Picea abies). Several material parameters were also measured, such as spiral grain angle, shrinkage in all three directions, annual ring width and density. Twist in the studs was measured at four different times at different moisture contents. The amount of twist correlated well with the moisture content and was reversible throughout several moisture changes. When the moisture content decreased, the twist increased and vice versa. About 50% of the variation in twist could be explained by a single parameter, i.e. the average growth ring curvature. All studs with severe twist were cut with its centroid within a radius of 75 mm from the pith. A statistical analysis of the data shows that growth ring curvature and spiral grain angle together explained about 70% of the variation in twist. Other parameters, such as shrinkage strains, density and ring width, did not increase predictability. When using a model developed by Stevens and Johnston (1960), about 66% of the variation in twist could be explained. The model also explained twist quantitatively well. The model included curvature of the growth ring, spiral grain angle and the tangential shrinkage strain.Picea abies). Mehrere Materialeigenschaften wurden ebenfalls gemessen, und zwar: Faserwinkel, Schwinden in drei Richtungen, Jahrringbreite und Dichte. Die Verdrehung der Kanthölzer wurde zu vier verschiedenen Zeitpunkten bei unterschiedlichen Feuchtegraden gemessen. Das Ausmaß der Verdrehung war gut korreliert mit der Feuchte. Mit abnehmender Feuchte stieg die Verdrehung und umgekehrt. Rund 50% der Verdrehungswerte sind durch einen einzigen Parameter erklärt, nämlich die Jahrringkrümmung. Bei allen Kanthölzern mit starker Verdrehung lag die Mittelachse innerhalb eines Abstandes von 75 mm von der Markröhre. Die statistische Analyse ergab, daß Jahrringkrümmung und Faserwinkel zusammen ca. 70% der Variation der Verdrehung erklären. Andere Parameter wie Schwindspannungen, Dichte und Jahrringbreite erhöhten die Vorhersagbarkeit nicht. Mit Hilfe des Modells von Stevens und Johnson (1960) konnten rund 66% der Verdrehung erklärt werden. Dieses Modell lieferte auch zufriedenstellende quantitative Ergebnisse. Berücksichtigt werden dabei Jahrringkrümmung, Faserwinkel und tangentiale Schwindspannung.


European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | 1998

Mechanical properties of sawn timber from Norway spruce

Daniel Larsson; S. Ohlsson; Mikael Perstorper; J. Brundin

Dynamic and static tests were performed on 523 lumber specimens of Norway spruce (Picea abies) of three different cross sectional sizes: 38 x 89 mm 2 , 38 x 140 mm 2 , and 38 x 184 mm 2 . Specific material characteristics for the lumber are presented. The tests also enabled comparison between results from two testing methodologies. The mean value for the modulus of elasticity established from the dynamic tests was found to be approximately 10% higher than the corresponding value established from static tests. The statistical correlation between statically and dynamically established moduli is very strong. The dynamic E modulus was found to be as good a strength predictor as the static E modulus. Cross sectional size and the existence of the pith in the sawn lumber were found to significantly influence the material properties. In general terms, it was found that deeper beams correspond to lower values for the E modulus and for the bending strength. The reason for this tendency is believed to be a combination of a volumetric effect (in the case of strength) and a phenomenon related to the log selection and sawing process in the mills. Lumber that comprises the pith has been found to have generally lower values of the E modulus and bending strength while the shear modulus is higher, compared to lumber without pith sawn further out in the log.


Structural Engineering International | 1993

Structural Sawn Timber Quality Requirements

Germund Johansson; Robert Kliger; Mikael Perstorper

Timber quality is not only related to strength and stiffness. Contractors often are not satisfied with the quality of sawn timber because of its excessive warp (distortion). Current grading practic...


European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | 2001

Distortion of Norway spruce timber

Robert Kliger; Marie Johansson; Mikael Perstorper; Germund Johansson


Archive | 1997

Method and arrangement for non-destructive determination of the properties of an object

Daniel Larsson; Sven Ohlsson; Mikael Perstorper


Archive | 1997

Method and arrangement for nondestructive classification

Daniel Larsson; Sven Ohlsson; Mikael Perstorper


Annals of Forest Science | 1998

Bending properties of Norway spruce timber. Comparison between fast- and slow-grown stands and influence of radial position of sawn timber

I. Robert Kliger; Mikael Perstorper; Germund Johansson


European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | 1998

Mechanische Eigenschaften von Fichtenschnittholz

Daniel Larsson; Sven Ohlsson; Mikael Perstorper; J. Brundin

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Germund Johansson

Chalmers University of Technology

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Robert Kliger

Chalmers University of Technology

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Daniel Larsson

Chalmers University of Technology

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I. Robert Kliger

Chalmers University of Technology

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S. Ohlsson

Chalmers University of Technology

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