Mila Arch

Abuso sexual infantil y síndrome de alienación parental: criterios diferenciales

El abuso sexual infantil y los denominados casos de interferencias parental son situaciones de especial gravedad para los menores que las padecen, asi como de evidente dificultad para su adecuado diagnostico y abordaje profesional. Discernir cuando el profesional se encuentra ante uno u otro caso entrana una complejidad para la que son necesarios una formacion adecuada y unos criterios fiables. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo aportar algunos de los criterios recogidos de las publicaciones al respecto, que pretenden facilitar la diferenciacion entre ambas situaciones. El analisis del relato del menor, asi como diferentes indicadores clinicos presentes en una parte importante de las victimas de abuso sexual pueden ayudar al profesional a tomar una decision al respecto. Los efectos de un error diagnostico en cualquiera de estos casos conllevaria un gran perjuicio para el menor, su familia y el sistema social, siendo fundamental que el profesional evite participar activamente en una evaluacion de este tipo si no se dispone de la adecuada formacion y experiencia.

Victimización sexual autorreportada en adolescentes españoles comunitarios y en colectivos de riesgo

OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of sexual victimization in four groups of Spanish adolescents based on their own reports. METHOD An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted. Sexual victimization was assessed by seven questions included in the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The samples were composed of 1,105 adolescents (mean age [M]=14.52, standard deviation [SD]=1.76) from seven secondary schools; 149 adolescents (M=14.28; SD=1.45) from 14 child and adolescent mental health centers; 129 adolescents (M=14.59, SD=1.62) institutionalized in 18 long-term (78.3%) and short-term (21.7%) residential centers belonging to the child protection system; and 101 adolescents (M=16.08, SD=0.99) recruited from three detention centers (77.2%) and five open regime teams or follow-up services for court orders for minors not requiring loss of freedom (22.8%). RESULTS The extent of lifetime sexual victimization ranged from 14.7% of the adolescents in the community sample to 23.5% of youths attended in mental health services, 35.6% of youths involved in the juvenile justice system, and 36.4% of children protected by the child welfare system. Most of the victims were female, the only exception being the group of male victims from the juvenile justice system. CONCLUSIONS Sexual victimization of children is widespread in Spain and its distribution differs depending on the group of children under study.

Percepción parental temprana y experiencias del desarrollo en violadores

Explore the perception of earlier parental relationship and early adaptability in convicted rapist and his relationship with sexual and physical abuse or dysfunctional family environments. The study was carry out in a Sample of 42 confi ned rapists in the Module B of the Preventive Detention Center of Southern Santiago, Chile. A semi-structured interview was created for this study, allowing us to compile socio-demographic, biographic, and early interpersonal relationship backgrounds. Data shows a family history of alcoholism, domestic violence and criminal behavior. Sexually abused is slightly superior to the general population but the physical and psychological mistreatment is generalized in this sample. Both experiences were signifi cantly related with abusive early parental perception. These results are consistent with several investigations on parental dysfunctions, among sex-offenders families. The early experience of the future aggressor is not showed by the specifi c presence of sexual abuse but a generalized context of abuse.