Mila Savic

The effect of organic milk production on certain milk quality parameters

In recent years there is growing interest of consumers for the consumption of organic milk, because of its favorable content of fatty acids that has a positive effect on human health. The aim of this study was to examine the content of fatty acids, vitamins A, C and α - tocopherol in milk which was obtained in different production systems, organic and conventional. The samples of conventional and organic milk were collected from farms located in Vojvodina, throughout all seasons. The prepared samples were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and high - performance liquid chromatography. The results proved that the milk produced in accordance with the principles of organic production had a higher content of polyunsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids compared with conventional milk (p<0.01) during the whole examination period, while the greatest differences were perceived in the pasture season. Also, organic milk had a higher content of vitamins A, C and α - tocopherol compared with the conventionally produced milk, although there was no statistically significant difference.

Downregulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor function in rats after subchronic exposure to diazinon

Highlights • We studied the development of tolerance to subchronic p.o. administration of DZN in rats, under both in vivo and in vitro conditions• As a consequence of AChE inhibition, ACh neurotransmitters are being accumulated in over stimulated nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.• With isolated diaphragm and ileum, we examined the down regulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor function through EFS technique.• The results of our research could be useful in forensic diagnostics of organophosphate poisoning.

Validation of 10 Microsatellite Loci for Their use in Parentage Verification and Individual Identification in the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina / Walidacja 10 Loci Mikrosatelitarnych Do Kontroli Pochodzenia Oraz Identyfikacji Osobniczej Jugosłowiańskiego Psa Pasterskiego Z Szar Płaniny

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess a commercially available microsatellite panel for use in paternity and identification analyses in the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina, an ancient livestock guarding breed. Allele frequencies for 10 microsatellite loci (PEZ01, FHC2054, FHC2010, PEZ05, PEZ20, PEZ12, PEZ03, PEZ06, PEZ08 and FHC2079) were determined in 103 unrelated Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog individuals. The loci revealed varied levels of polymorphism (five to 12 alleles), with an average of 7.83 per locus. Average values of observed heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.64 and 0.66, respectively. Nine out of 10 microsatellite markers were highly informative with PIC values higher than 0.5. The obtained value of combined power of exclusion (0.9989) confirms usefulness of this panel of microsatellites for parentage verification, while the value of combined power of discrimination of 0.9999 clearly shows that the panel can conclusively identify individual dogs. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that the selected set of commercially available microsatellite markers may be used as a routine tool for parentage verification and individual identification in the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog. Although analysis of genetic variability of the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog was not the primary focus of the study, the established values of major diversity indices disclose a highly variable gene pool in the breed. Streszczenie Celem eksperymentu była ocena przydatności komercyjnego panelu markerów mikrosatelitarnych do analizy pochodzenia i identyfikacji osobniczej owczarka jugosłowiańskiego Sarplaninac, starodawnej rasy psów pasterskich. Frekwencje alleli dla 10 loci mikrosatelitarnych (PEZ01, FHC2054, FHC2010, PEZ05, PEZ20, PEZ12, PEZ03, PEZ06, PEZ08 i FHC2079) określono u 103 niespokrewnionych osobników rasy Sarplaninac. W loci ujawniono zróżnicowany poziom polimorfizmu (5 do 12 alleli), wynoszący średnio 7,83 na locus. Średnie wartości heterozygotyczności obserwowanej i współczynnika polimorfizmu (PIC) wyniosły, odpowiednio 0,64 i 0,66. Dziewięć z 10 markerów mikrosatelitarnych było wysoko informatywnych, przy wartościach PIC przekraczających 0,5. Uzyskana wartość skumulowanej siły wykluczenia (0,9989), potwierdza przydatność badanego panelu markerów mikrosatelitarnych do kontroli pochodzenia, natomiast wartość skumulowanej siły dyskryminacji, wynoszącej 0,9999 wyraźnie wskazuje, że panel ten może jednoznacznie identyfikować poszczególne osobniki. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że wybrany zestaw komercyjnych markerów mikrosatelitarnych może służyć jako rutynowe narzędzie do kontroli pochodzenia oraz identyfikacji osobniczej jugosłowiańskiego psa pasterskiego. Choć analiza zmienności genetycznej owczarka jugosłowiańskiego nie była głównym celem badań, uzyskane wartości głównych indeksów różnorodności wskazują na występowanie wysoko zróżnicowanej puli genowej w tej rasie.

Biodiversity and traditional sheep grazing in the South Banat region.

In this paper the capacity for reintroduction of traditional sheep breeds as key resources for biodiversity conservation systems in HNV farming system of the South Banat region was analyzed. Taking the vulnerability of the ecosystem into consideration when creating the optimal grazing system based on traditional rearing breeds, can contribute to the protection of biodiversity in the South Banat region. The representatives of Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Apiaceae family were described. Basic nutritive components of pasture and mixed hay: crude moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude cellulose, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were measured. Botanical analysis has confirmed the presence of plant diversity, as well as the nutritive value of sheep pastures. Chemical analyses of samples pointed out that the levels of crude proteins, cellulose, fats, macro and trace elements are sufficient to satisfy the requirements of low input sheep farming system and therefore can be considered a solid base for reintroduction of autochthonous sheep breeds in the peripheral parts of the Deliblato Sands area. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31085: Management of sustainable farming of organic lamb production as a support to rural development]

Efficiency of blood protein systems as genetic markers for parentage verification in Yugoslav Shepherd dog.

The study aimed to evaluate the utility of blood protein systems of the Yugoslav Shepherd dog as genetic markers for parentage verification in this breed. Polymorphism of hemoglobin (Hb), acid phosphatase (Acp), superoxide dismutase (Sod), albumin (Al), and transferrin (Tf) was analysed by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 60 blood samples. Out of the five tested markers, Hb was the only monomorphic and, thus, of no value for parentage analysis in the Yugoslav Shepherd dog. The Acp, Sod and Al loci exhibited a certain degree of polymorphism, but their efficiency as single markers for parentage control was relatively low. The paternity exclusion probabilities established were 12.7%, 15.5% and 16.6% for Acp, Sod and Al, respectively. Tf as a genetic marker displayed a significantly higher efficacy since it was able to reach the 49% power of exclusion for parentage verification. Joined parentage exclusion probability for a panel of four protein systems displaying polymorphism, Acp, Sod, Al and Tf, was 68.5%. In comparison with results of previous studies investigating blood protein systems as markers for canine parentage testing, the panel of markers tested in our study displayed high discriminatory power and provided a substantial probability of resolution in parentage verification for the Yugoslav Shepherd dog. .

Selekcijski kriterijumi u organskom stočarstvu / Selection Criteria in Organic Cattle Breeding

The central issue in process of organizing organic cattle breeding is the knowledge about specificities of this kind of production, good knowledge of breed characteristics (body composition, immune tolerance, expressed predisposition towards some diseases, production properties). Research centres, in collaboration with producers, have defined the essential features on which the selection programmes in organic cattle breeding are based on. Of the greatest importance for veterinary service is the fact that selection programmes in organic cattle breeding are in the first place based on giving priority to healthy animals, with strong immune system, good reproductive characteristics, which can be in production system for a long period. Additional important selective criteria is specific body resistance and adaptability of autochtonous breeds to environmental conditions. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TP 31085]

A molecular genetic approach to roebuck individual identification in the case of poaching in Serbia

Application of the molecular genetic methods in forensic cases dealing with wild animals has significantly increased recently. These techniques are practically used in order to help solving four key problems : determination of kind of the wild animal, geographic origin, kinship ties and individual identification. In this work the first case of introducing the examination of polimorphism of microsatelite genetic markers within forensic analysis in the cases of poaching in Serbia is presented. The objectives of this forensic analysis was to determine if the meat confiscated during house search of the suspect comes from roebuck origin (Capreolus capreolus), which remains had been found by a game warden in the field during closed season, where the suspect denied the offense, claiming that the meat comes from other roebuck that had been shot during the previous hunting season. DNK was isolated from the skin and fur samples taken from the roebuck corpse found in the woods, as well as from the frozen meat found in the suspect’s house. Both amplification and polimorphism examination of the eight microsatelite markers (ROE01, NVHRT21, NVHRT24, NVHRT48, NVHRT73, RT7 AND RT27) were carried out. In all the examined samples, the same pattern of variability of the tested microsatelites was determined, that is it was proved that DNK profiles of the samples taken from roebuck corpse were identical to DNK profile of the meat sample found in the suspect’s house. This result clearly indicates that all the examined biological samples originate from the same animal, and consequently represents forensically valid evidence in the case of roebuck poaching. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III46002]