Miladin Gligorić

Examining the Effects of the Destroying Ammunition, Mines, and Explosive Devices on the Presence of Heavy Metals in Soil of Open Detonation Pit: Part 1—Pseudo-total Concentration

This paper presents the results of determining the pseudo-total concentration of five heavy metals in the soil on which the destruction of ammunition, mines, and explosive devices is carried out by the method of open detonation. In the analyzed area, the concentrations of cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, and zinc were determined, while from the physical properties of the soil were determined the granulometric composition and the pH. The aim of the study is to determine the origin and total load on heavy metals and, based on that, to assess the dangers and impact of the site in terms of the soil pollution by heavy metals. In accordance with the regulations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the results of the soil testing showed a significant load of copper (up to seven times) and cadmium (up to six times), and exceeding the allowed values for nickel and zinc in some places. Lead was the only metal whose concentration was within the maximum allowed and according to that the soil was classified as unpolluted. A sample of soil from the edge of the pit is the only sample in which all heavy metals, except Ni, were within the maximum allowable concentration. In regard to the concentration of the examined metals, the soil of the pit is classified as medium polluted from the aspect of copper, cadmium, and nickel and highly contaminated with zinc. The concentrations of copper and zinc in the examination area correspond to contaminated soil that represents ecological risk, which requires soil remediation.

Examining the Effects of the Destroying Ammunition, Mines and Explosive Devices on the Presence of Heavy Metals in Soil of Open Detonation Pit; Part 2: Determination of Heavy Metal Fractions

As a result of the destruction of ammunition, mines, and explosive devices by the method of open detonation, the increased concentration of heavy metals is often recorded in the soil of military polygons, which is a serious ecological problem. However, in order to determine the potential risk of such locations to the environment, it is necessary to determine, in addition to the total content, the forms in which the metals are present. In this paper, a sequential extraction method was used to analyze the six fractions of five heavy metals (cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, and zinc) in the soil of the polygon for destruction of ammunition, mines, and explosive devices. Samples were collected from the place of direct detonation (so-called pits) and from the edge of the pit. The aim of this research is determination of metal speciation in order to obtain a better insight in their mobility and risk arising from this. The results showed that heavy metals are predominantly present in the residual, oxide, and organic fractions. Cd and Cu were also significantly present in the mobile fractions due to conducted activities on the polygon. To assess the potential environmental risk of soil, the risk assessment code (RAC) and individual (ICF) and global (GCF) contamination factors were used. According to the RAC, the mobility and bioavailability of the analyzed heavy metals decreases in the following order: Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb > Ni. ICF results show low to moderate risk, while GCF results show low risk in terms of heavy metal contamination in the examined area.

UPRAVLJANJE HEMIJSKIM I MIKROBIOLOŠKIM KVALITETOM VODE U BAZENIMA ZA KUPANJE I REKREACIJU

Koristenje voda za rekreaciju ili lijecenje je veoma znacajno u održavanju zdravlja i radne sposobnosti stanovnistva. Znacajan broj ljudi, povremeno ili stalno, koristi u te svrhe bazene. Zbog toga se danas u razvijenim državama, velika pažnja posvecuje kvalitetu voda za rekreaciju. Cilj ovog rada jeste upravljanje bazenima sa aspekta upravljanja hemijskim i mikrobioloskim kvalitetom vode. Razmatranje problema upravljanja hemijskim i mikrobioloskim kvalitetom vode u bazenima bazira se na odgovarajucim Preporukama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Retrospektivno-deskriptivna metoda je koristena da analiziraju rezultati laboratorijskih ispitivanja bazenskih voda na teritoriji grada Banja Luka za 2013. i 2014. godinu. Rezultati sprovedenih analiza pokazali su da se fizicka i hemijska neispravnost vode uglavnom odnosi na povecan sadržaj hlorida u vodi, dok mikrobioloska neispravnost uzrokovana je povecanim brojem koliformnih bakterija.

The efficiency of inorganic immobilization agents to stabilize tailings from the mine

Toxic metals, which are found in waste sludge from mine tailings of lead and zinc Sase, were immobilized with different compaction imobilazacionim agents (indigenous clay, red mud ) in the monoliths of different proportions. The efficiency of immobilization procedures was monitored using diffusion leaching tests (ANS 16.1). Also, certain parameters (coefficients of diffusion, leachability index) were determined to be used for evaluating the efficiency of immobilization techniques previously applied. In the treatment of tailings with clay and red mud can be observed decrease in mobility of metals (Cr, Ni, As, Pb and Zn) with an increase in the percentage of added red mud, while the Cu and Cd comes to deviations. A mixture of clay tailings and red mud proved to be a very good immobilization agent for all treated metals.