Milan Aničić

Mast cell tumor within a lipoma in a white toy poodle

Uprkos cinjenici da su mastocitomi jedna od najcescih neoplazmi kod pasa, postoji samo jedan objavljeni slucaj mastocitoma u lipomu. U ovom slucaju, kod 11-godisnje ženke toj pudle primeceno je prisustvo dobro ogranicene, pokretne, meko-elasticne mase na lateralnoj strani grudnog kosa. Histopatoloski pregled je pokazao dobro ogranicenu masu koja se sastojala od zrelih adipocita između kojih se nalaze skupine celija sa granuliranom citoplazmom. Bojenjem toluidin plavim je dokazano prisustvo metahromatskih granula u citoplazmi mastocita. Histopatoloske i imunohistohemijske karakteristike ukazale su na to da je ispitani mastocitom niskog stepena maligniteta.

Malignant mast cell tumour within a benign lipoma in a toy poodle

Despite the fact that mast cell tumours (MCT) are one of the most common neoplasms in dogs there is only one published case of MCT within a lipoma. In this case, in 11-years old female toy poodle was observed the presence of a well-demarcated, freely movable, softy mass on the chest. Histological examination showed a well-circumscribed mass consisted of mature adipocytes and multiple foci of round cells with granulated cytoplasm between adipocytes. Toluidine blue staining demonstrated metachromatic granules in the cytoplasm of mast cells.

Morphological Characteristics and Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in the Canine Endometrium During the Estrus Cycle, Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia and Pyometra

Abstract The estrus cycle of bitches is divided into four phases: proestrus, estrus, diestrus and anestrus, during which different morphological changes, and also cyclic changes of estrogen and progesterone receptors are present. Several pathological changes can be differentiated on the endometrium, but one of these is the most important - cystic endometrial hyperplasia, which frequently develops into pyometra. The aim of the present study was to describe morphological characteristics, and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors on the endometrium of mixedbreed bitches during the different phases of the estrus cycle, cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra. The uterus and ovaries of 36 mixed breed bitches in different phases of the estrus cycle and also with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and chronic purulent endometritis - pyometra were examined macroscopically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically for estrogen receptors (ΕR) and progesterone receptors (PR). During proestrus uterine cells showed a weak reaction for both estrogen and progesterone receptors, but during estrus a large number of uterine cells showed a strong reaction on estrogen receptors and moderate reaction on progesterone receptors. On the contrary, during diestrus the scores for the estrogen receptors decreased, while the progesterone receptors level increased - uterine cells expressed strong reaction for progesterone receptors, and moderate reaction for estrogen receptors. Uterine cells in cystic endometrial hyperplasia expressed a strong reaction for estrogen receptors, and moderate reaction for progesterone receptors, but on the other hand the uterine cells in the uterus with pyometra expressed a moderate to strong reaction for progesterone receptors, and a weak reaction for estrogen receptors. In further investigations it would be interesting to perform quantitative analysis for both estrogen and progesterone receptors during different phases of the estrus cycle and also in the uterus with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra.

Mucometra in bitch as consequence of serious professional mistake

An apathetic 14-year-old Hungarian Puli bitch was presented with a seven day history of vaginal discharge and reported ovariohysterectomy (OHE) conducted six years ago. Clinical examination showed elevated body temperature (39.5°C), enlarged abdomen, and vulvar swelling. Despite a reported OHE in the anamnesis, ultrasound examination of the abdomen demonstrated the presence of both ovaries and a large anechogenic zone resembling the uterus. Vaginal cytologic examination and hormonal analysis indicated that the bitch was in the oestrus phase of the cycle. After laparotomy, both intact ovaries and an enlarged uterus with marked adhesions and filled with liquid content were visualised. The cervix was situated in the caudal part of the abdominal cavity and connected to the uterus by only an adhesion stump. After extirpation, uterus and ovarian tissue samples were sent for histological examination. Histological findings of uterus and ovarian tissue samples indicated a diagnosis of mucometra. Obviously, OHE was not conducted professionally, and the procedure performed only prevented conception, but ovaries and uterus continued to be active and caused a serious health disorder after six years. When only a part of the ovaries or uterus is left after OHE, health complications can appear up to ten years later. Our case testifies that even if both ovaries and the entire uterus are left after OHE without communication with cervix and vagina, a bitch can live without noticeable health disorders up to six years. This underlines the importance of lymphatic drainage and resorption processes in the uterus as well as evacuation of uterus content through the vagina.

Morphological Characteristics of Three Classic Forms of Natural Equine Glanders – A Disease With High Zoonotic Significance

Abstract Equine glanders is a severe bacterial disease known since ancient times. Although eradicated in the most part of the world it is now considered re-emerging. Considering very scarce literature data, we used from formalin fixed collection material: nasal septum, lung and skin specimens from naturally infected horses. Tissues were grossly examined and photographed. Tissue samples, after standard processing, were stained with HE, Congo red and Groccot and microscopically examined. Gross changes include nodules and ulcers in the nasal mucosa with granulation and scarring, pyogranulomas in the lung tissue and nodules and ulcers of the skin. Microscopically marked inflammation of affected tissues with neutrophilic and mononuclear infiltration and fibrous tissue proliferation were seen. As a potent zoonotic agent it has been already used as a biological weapon in the past.

Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus in Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

Abstract Gastric dilatation and volvulus is a life-threatening condition characterized by rapid accumulation of food and gases that cause displacement and distension of the stomach. The large and giant, deep-chested breeds of dogs are at higher risk for developing the gastric dilatation and volvulus. Uncommonly, it can also develop in cats, but it is also described in free-range polar bears. A case of gastric dilatation and volvulus in a brown bear (Ursus arctos) is described in this paper. This case was characterized by lack of any previous symptoms, sudden death, as well as macroscopic findings during necropsy - twisted distended stomach, congested displaced spleen and necrotic gastric wall. According to the available data this is the first described case report of the gastric dilatation and volvulus in brown bear (Ursus arctos).

Morphological Features and KIT Receptor Expression in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor and Systemic Mastocytosis / Morfološke Karakteristike I Ekspresija KIT Receptora Kod Kutanih Mastocitoma I Sistemske Mastocitoze Pasa

Abstract Mast cell neoplasia in dogs can occur in two different forms: common as cutaneous tumor, or less common as a systemic form of neoplastic mast cell proliferation - systemic mastocytosis. The aim of this study was to compare the histological and cytological features, KIT receptor expression and presence of c-KIT proto-oncogene mutations in neoplastic cells of dogs with canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (CMCT) and systemic mastocytosis. Microscopical examination of the cytological smears obtained from all selected dogs revealed that cellular specimens were constituted mostly of round cells with a central nuclei and fine to coarse purple cytoplasmic granules. Histopathological examination of skin samples of dogs with CMCT and a dog with systemic mastocytosis showed proliferation of the neoplastic mast cells in the superficial and/or deep dermis. Similar findings were observed in tissue samples derived from lymph nodes, spleen, liver, myocardium and kidneys of a dog with systemic mastocytosis. Three dogs with high grade CMCT as well as one dog with systemic mastocytosis showed cytoplasmic CD117 expression, while 3 dogs with low grade CMCT, had membranous expression of CD117. Based on our study, histological features and cytoplasmic CD117 expression in neoplastic cells of dogs with systemic mastocytosis are similar to those in dogs with high grade CMCTs. Nevertheless, mutations of c-KIT proto-oncogene were not found in tumor samples either from dogs with CMCT or dog with systemic mastocytosis. Neoplazme poreklom od mastocita mogu da se jave u dva različita oblika: uobičajeno kao kožni tumori - kutani mastocitomi ili ređe kao sistemska forma neoplastične proliferacije mastocita - sistemska mastocitoza. Svrha ovog istraživanja je da se uporede histološke i citološke karakteristike, ekspresija KIT receptora i prisustvo mutacija c-KIT proto-onkogena u neoplastičnim ćelijama kod pasa sa kutanim mastocitomima i sistemskom mastocitozom. Mikroskopskim pregledom citoloških razmaza svih ispitanih pasa utvrđeno je da se ćelijska populacija sastoji uglavnom od okruglih ćelija koje imaju centralno postavljeno jedro i sitne ljubičaste citoplazmatske granule. Histopatološkim pregledom uzoraka kože pasa sa kutanim mastocitomima i sistemskom mastocitozom zapaženo je umnožavanje mastocita u površinskom i/ili dubokom dermisu. Sličan nalaz uočen je i u isečcima tkiva limfnih čvorova, slezine, jetre, miokarda i bubrega psa sa sistemskom mastocitozom. Kod tri psa sa kutanim mastocitomima visokog stepena maligniteta, kao i kod psa sa sistemskom mastocitozom zapažena je citoplazmatska ekspresija CD117, dok je kod tri psa sa kutanim mastocitomima niskog stepena maligniteta uočena membranska ekspresija CD117. Na osnovu našeg istraživanja, histološke karakteristike i citoplazmatska ekspresija CD117 na neoplastičnim ćelijama su slične kod pasa sa sistemskom mastocitozom i pasa sa kutanim mastocitomima visokog stepena maligniteta. I pored toga, mutacije c-KIT proto-onkogena nisu uočene ni kod pasa sa kutanim mastocitomima, ni kod psa sa sistemskom mastocitozom.