Milan Palát

What is the Contribution of the Theory of Redistribution Systems to the Theory of Corruption

Abstract Scholars making economic policy recommendations to resolve corruption problem use several approaches, the most dominant of which are the principal-agent and rent-seeking theories. In this paper, we argue that the principal-agent theory has problems to account for the environment in which the agents offering and accepting corruption operate, and explain the importance of agents for survival of their environment. The rent-seeking theory, on the other hand, finds it difficult to establish socially effective legislation and ways to determine the barriers to entry that motivate agents to behave corruptly. Both problems, however, are vital for solving the problem of corruption. Lacking the knowledge of the agent’s environment (system) and their significance for survival of the system, the theory cannot define incentives that would discourage the agent from acting in a corrupted way. If the rent-seeking theory does not determine the barriers to entry that motivate agents to behave corruptly, it cannot determine the proper legislation that would deter corrupt behaviour and lead to economic development. For these reasons we investigate if both problems can be explained and solved within the alternative theory of redistribution systems and its part - the theory of parallel redistribution games.

Economic Causes and Consequences of International Migration of Labour

Migration waves in Europe in the past century had diverse causes but currently prevailing purposes for migration are of economic origin. International labour migration is mainly promoted by economic interests. This paper puts together important facts regarding motivation to labour migration and provides explanations of their impacts on the macroeconomic level. Understanding of broader migration patterns and identification of key determinants of migration described in this paper may allow the evaluation of applied migration policies and the determination of macro- and microeconomic benefits and costs of international labour migration. A partial objective of the practical part of the paper is to evaluate relationships between the rate of migration and the unemployment rate in countries of the Visegrad group using adequate quantitative methods. To determine parameters of a regression function were used methods of regression and correlation analysis including testing the statistical significance. Based on these results, the existence of correlation is evident between the crude rate of net migration and the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic and Hungary but calculated correlation indices in Poland and Slovakia were evaluated as statistically insignificant which can be attributed to higher structural problems of those two economies.

Development of the rate of employment and unemployment of males and females in countries of EU15

The paper is focused on the evaluation the rates of employment and unemployment of women, men and as a whole in countries of EU15. Rates of employment were evaluated in the period 1993–2002. Rates of unemployment were evaluated in the period 1994–2003. Employment of males in fifteen countries of EU is higher then employment of females. Unemployment of females in fifteen countries of EU is higher than unemployment of males and in opposite unemployment of females in Sweden is lower than unemployment of males. Trends of rates of male, female and total employment and unemployment are evaluated. Methods of regression and correlation analysis, development trends and cluster analysis were applied for the mathematical-statistical analysis.