Milan Sojka

VLIV VYBRANÝCH FAKTORŮ NA VÝVOJ POPTÁVKY PO PENĚZÍCH V LETECH 1994 - 2000

The paper is focused on selected factors influencing the money demand development in the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2000. The basic theoretical approaches to the money demand issue and the theoretical background of the analysis are described. The multi- and singl-equational models as a basis for cointegration analysis are used. As the main theoretical basis the Ph. Arestis´es model, adjusted for conditions of the Czech Republic, is used. It is confirmed a premise that the money demand development is in the long-run relationship with the GDP growth and interest rates development. This conclusion is valid for balances both in real and nominal money. It is discovered the impact of the interest rates development into the structure of the money demand.

Stane se institucionální ekonomie paradigmatem 21. stoletÍ

Zakladni tezi meho poispivku je tvrzeni, že se nachazime v obdobi, kdy probihaji zasadni zminy jak v socialni-ekonomickem vývoji, tak v ekonomicke teorii, v niž zaeina proces zminy paradigmat. Neoklasicka ekonomie se dostava poi vysvitlovani soueasneho socialniekonomickeho vývoje do stale vitsich problemu. Jednim z jejich hlavnich nedostatku je ignorovani role instituci v socialni-ekonomickem vývoji. Zvlasti nazorni se to projevilo poi vysvitlovani transformace ekonomik sovitskeho typu do podoby kapitalisticke tržni ekonomiky. Poi vysvitleni tichto procesu byly nesporni mnohem uspisnijsi institucionalni teorie. Mužeme si tedy položit otazku, zda se institucionalni ekonomie stane paradigmatem 21. stoleti. Podle meho nazoru institucionalni ekonomie jako takova nema sama o sobi potencial neoklasicke paradigma plni nahradit, muže vsak poi vzniku noveho paradigmatu hrat velmi podstatnou ulohu. Nove paradigma muže být pravdipodobni výsledkem syntezy evolueniho institucionalismu a postkeynesovske ekonomie, poipadni nikterých dalsich teoretických koncepci.

Teorie peněz Josefa Macka a jeho názory na monetární politiku

During 1930s and 1940s Josef Macek developed monetary theory leading to monetary policy recommendations which are deeply influenced by macroeconomic theory of John Maynard Keynes. Macek became leading Czech left-wing keynesian. His theory of money was nominalist and similarly to J. M. Keynes and G. Cassel he elaborated the concept of managed fiat money. He critisized and disapproved the quantity theory of money. In his monetary theory and his monetary policy conclusions he was a forerunner of contemporary post-keynesian monetary theories. Money supply is in his monetary theory highely endogenous and he expressed certain doubts about effeciency of monetary policy measures as antirecessionary remedy.

České ekonomické myšlení v letech 1948 - 1969 (od stalinského teroru k Pražskému jaru)

Czech economic thought during the 1948 - 1969 was full of sudden turns. Its development was determined by political conditions and spiritual climate that were result of Stalinist soviet type socialism. During the first half of the 1950s the plurality of economic ideas was substituted by the Stalinist version of marxist-leninist political economy using violent methods. Low efficiency of the command system and emerging reform climate in the USSR under N. S. Khrushchev opened the door to the reform thinking of the second half of 1950s and the 1960s in Czechoslovakia. During the 1960s the development of the reform thinking together with renaissance of the theoretical economic thinking culminated in the economic reform of Otto Sik and his team, and democratization process of the Prague Spring of 1968. Promising developments ended as a consequence of the Warsaw Treaty troops invasion in August 1968.