Mildred Vogel

A clinical comparison of the effectiveness of 6-n-propylthiouracil and 2-thiouracil as antithyrotoxic agents

Abstract 1.1. Seventy-five patients with thyrotoxicosis have been successfully controlled by the use of 6-n-propylthiouracil (propacil) in initial doses varying from 75 to 250 mg. and maintenance doses of from 25 to 75 mg. 2.2. One severe febrile reaction was encountered in a patient who had previously developed a similar response to thiouracil. 3.3. Ten of the seventy-five patients have had no recurrence of thyrotoxic symptoms four months after discontinuing the drug. 4.4. It is concluded that 6-n-propylthiouracil is a safe and effective drug for the management of all forms of hyperthyroidism.

Effects of various estrogenic preparations on the vaginal mucosa

Abstract 1.1. A total of 71 studies in 55 postmenopausal women were made to determine the relative effects of seven different estrogenic preparations. 2.2. Vaginal smears were obtained prior to injection and at twelve-hour intervals following administration of a single dose. Periods of observation ranged from 60 to 377 hours. 3.3. Three subjects gave no evidence of response. In twenty-four tests, there was on alteration in the type of smear without follicular reaction and in 44 subjects this response was present in varying degree. 4.4. The degree of follicular reaction and the amount of hormone injected can be directly correlated. An inverse relation exists between age and the height of the follicular reaction. 5.5. The range of lag-time varied from 42 to 180 hours. 6.6. An inverse relation exists between lag-time and the amount of hormone injected. The age of the subject is apparently not a factor in the lag-time. 7.7. The range of duration of follicular reaction varied from twelve to two hundred plus hours. 8.8. In general, higher dosages tended to produce alterations of longer duration in the vaginal epithelium. Such changes were most marked in subjects of less advanced years.

Effects of Various Estrogenic Preparations

Abstract 1.1. Forty-one women were treated with one or more injections of equivalent amounts of seven estrogenic preparations to a total of 57 tests. In thirty-nine tests, changes occurred in the vaginal mucosa; of these, however, seven were difficult to evaluate in relation to the administration of the estrogen. No objective response followed any of the remaining eighteen injections. 2.2. Free estrone, free estradiol, and the benzoic acid and dipropionic acid esters of the latter were the estrogens employed in these tests. Estrone was given in doses of 4 mg. and each estradiol preparation in amounts of 1 mg. per injection. Estrone was used as an equeous suspension only. Free estradiol was similarly employed, and also as a solution in propylene glycol and sesame oil, respectively. Estradiol dipropionate was prepared as a solution in sesame oil only; the benzoate was administered in menstrua of peanut oil and propylene glycol, respectively. 3.3. Daily vaginal smears were taken for a control period of approximately one week prior to therapy and for an average period of ten days thereafter. Approximately 900 smears were studied. 4.4. The average lag-time (hours between injection and vaginal response) for each preparation was as follows: estradiol dipropionate in sesame oil, 88; estradiol benzoate in peanut oil, 90; estradiol in aqueous suspension, 90; estrone in aqueous suspension, 100; estradiol in sesame oil, 108; estradiol in propylene glycol, 114; and estradiol benzoate in propylene glycol (one case), 120. 5.5. The average duration in hours of the vaginal response initiated by estradiol dipropionate in sesame oil was 100; by estradiol benzoate in peanut oil, 82; by estradiol in sesame oil, 36; by estradiol in propylene glycol, 120; by estradiol in aqueous suspension, 109; and by estrone in aqueous suspension, 110. 6.6. The degree of follicular activity varied widely with the preparation used and from subject to subject, but in any given instance, was directly proportional to the duration of the vaginal changes. 7.7. Climacteric patients reported symptomatic relief starting one to three days following injection and persisting for from three to ten days thereafter.

The effects of various estrogenic preparations: III. The influence of equivalent amounts of several estrogens on the vaginal mucosa of nonmenstruating women

Abstract 1. 1. Forty-one women were treated with one or more injections of equivalent amounts of seven estrogenic preparations to a total of 57 tests. In thirty-nine tests, changes occurred in the vaginal mucosa; of these, however, seven were difficult to evaluate in relation to the administration of the estrogen. No objective response followed any of the remaining eighteen injections. 2. 2. Free estrone, free estradiol, and the benzoic acid and dipropionic acid esters of the latter were the estrogens employed in these tests. Estrone was given in doses of 4 mg. and each estradiol preparation in amounts of 1 mg. per injection. Estrone was used as an equeous suspension only. Free estradiol was similarly employed, and also as a solution in propylene glycol and sesame oil, respectively. Estradiol dipropionate was prepared as a solution in sesame oil only; the benzoate was administered in menstrua of peanut oil and propylene glycol, respectively. 3. 3. Daily vaginal smears were taken for a control period of approximately one week prior to therapy and for an average period of ten days thereafter. Approximately 900 smears were studied. 4. 4. The average lag-time (hours between injection and vaginal response) for each preparation was as follows: estradiol dipropionate in sesame oil, 88; estradiol benzoate in peanut oil, 90; estradiol in aqueous suspension, 90; estrone in aqueous suspension, 100; estradiol in sesame oil, 108; estradiol in propylene glycol, 114; and estradiol benzoate in propylene glycol (one case), 120. 5. 5. The average duration in hours of the vaginal response initiated by estradiol dipropionate in sesame oil was 100; by estradiol benzoate in peanut oil, 82; by estradiol in sesame oil, 36; by estradiol in propylene glycol, 120; by estradiol in aqueous suspension, 109; and by estrone in aqueous suspension, 110. 6. 6. The degree of follicular activity varied widely with the preparation used and from subject to subject, but in any given instance, was directly proportional to the duration of the vaginal changes. 7. 7. Climacteric patients reported symptomatic relief starting one to three days following injection and persisting for from three to ten days thereafter.

The effects of various estrogenic preparation's II. Changes in the vaginal mucosa and general status of climacteric women following the injection of aqueous suspensions of estrone and estradiol

Abstract 1. 1. Twenty-three women with climacteric symptoms have been treated successively with aqueous suspensions, containing respectively 2 mg. estrone, 4 mg. estrone, 0.5 mg. estradiol and 1 mg. estradiol. A minimum period of three weeks has been allowed to elapse between each two subcutaneous injections. A total of 80 tests has been made. 2. 2. Control vaginal smears were taken daily for several days prior to therapy and daily thereafter for an average period of eleven days. Approximately 1,100 vaginal smears have been examined. 3. 3. The injection of estrogen was followed by some degree of follicular stimulation of the vaginal epithelium in 69 per cent of the test subjects. 4. 4. The average “lag-time” following the injection of (a) 2 mg. of estrone was 120 hours; (b) 4 mg. of estrone, 101 hours; (c) 0.5 mg. of estradiol, 99 hours; and (d) 1 mg. of estradiol, 91 hours. 5. 5. Estrogenic effects on the vaginal mucosa due to the injection of (a) 2 mg. of estrone lasted 120 hours; (b) 4- mg. of estrone, 110 hours; (c) 0.5 mg. of estradiol, 110 hours; and (d) 1 mg. of estradiol, 104 hours. 6. 6. The height of the estrogenic response in the vaginal mucous membrane varied widely and could not be correlated with the amount of hormone administered. 7. 7. Certain factors involved in producing alterations in the objective response have been discussed. 8. 8. Symptomatic relief was experienced by twenty-one of twenty-three women following injection of one or more estrogenic preparations. A cumulative action could be demonstrated as a result of repeated injections. 9. 9. Complete or partial amelioration of climacteric symptoms cannot be directly correlated with the objective response.