Milene Cristine Pessoa

Iron-Fortified Rice Is As Efficacious As Supplemental Iron Drops in Infants and Young Children

How to improve iron status among infants and young children is of continued concern in low- to middle-income countries, including Brazil. In a double blind, 5-mo, home-based, randomized trial in Brazil, we gave one group of mildly anemic 6- to 24-mo-old children (n = 175) rice fortified with micronized ferric pyrophosphate using the Ultra Rice technology and a placebo solution (URG) and another group identical nonfortified rice and iron drops. We instructed parents on the correct dosage of iron drops and to feed their children rice as they normally would. We measured serum ferritin (SF) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations at baseline and at 5 mo. At baseline, the prevalences of iron deficiency and anemia in the total sample were 73.1 and 100%, respectively. At 5 mo, SF and Hb increased in both groups, although the change in the URG was larger (P < 0.01). Adult participants were unable to distinguish cooked fortified rice from unfortified rice in terms of smell, color, or taste. As rice is normally consumed at home, MPF-fortified rice increased iron stores and reduced anemia in a group of mildly anemic children 6-24 mo old. In populations where young children are routinely fed approximately 100 g of cooked rice daily, fortifying it with iron may improve iron status at least as well as providing free iron drops.

Tendências da frequência do consumo de feijão por meio de inquérito telefônico nas capitais brasileiras, 2006 a 2009

The scope of this paper was to analyze the trends of frequency of consumption of beans between the years 2006 and 2009 in the Brazilian capitals. This is a historical series using the Vigitel database for all Brazilian state capitals. Consumption of beans was described in terms of relative frequency and the trend was assessed using Poisson regression. Between 65.79% (2009) and 71.85% (2006) of participants reported consuming beans five or more days per week. The capitals Goiania, Belo Horizonte, Palmas, Brasilia and Cuiaba were in the highest frequency range of consumption throughout the study period. Individuals with a BMI in the appropriate and low weight category had the highest frequencies of consumption in comparison with the overweight and the obese. A significant reduction trend in the consumption of beans per year of the research, except for the 45 to 54-year-old range, was detected. The conclusion drawn was that there has been a significant reduction in the consumption of beans in the Brazilian population and the adoption of monitoring and incentive policies is necessary due to the benefits of the legume.

Validity of body adiposity index in predicting body fat in Brazilians adults.

The aim of this study was to compare various methods of assessing body compositions with body adiposity index (BAI) and to identify the validity of BAI as a predictor of body fat in Brazilian adults.

Using the method of triads in the validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the consumption of fatty acids in adults

BACKGROUND It is of great value to develop valid instruments to estimate food consumption; for this purpose, the triads method has been applied in validation studies of dietary intake to evaluate the correlation between three measurements [food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), reference method and biomarker]. The main aim of the present study was to validate a FFQ for Brazilian adults by means of the method of triads by estimating the ingestion of total fatty acids based on the level of saturation. METHODS The present study enrolled 152 Brazilian adults of both sexes, who were residents in the city of Viçosa, Brazil. The ingestion of total saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids was assessed by means of a FFQ, two food records, and biomarkers, which were detected by gas chromatography. The validation coefficients were calculated using the method of triads and concordance was determined by Kappa statistics. RESULTS The FFQ was considered an adequate dietary method, because, based on the validation coefficients, it estimates the intake of total fat (0.84), as well as linolenic (0.90) and linoleic acids (0.31). A high concordance rate was confirmed for all nutrients assessed by the FFQ and food records. Regarding the biomarkers, linolenic acid and linoleic acid presented greater concordance. CONCLUSIONS According to the validation coefficients, the FFQ precisely estimated total fat, linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents.

Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in Brazilian children, regardless of body fat distribution

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, controlled by adiposity, in a representative sample of prepubescent children. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were performed. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxyitamin D; 25(OH)D), glucose, insulin, serum lipids and intact parathyroid hormone. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24 h recalls. SETTING Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2015. SUBJECTS Representative sample of 378 children aged 8 and 9 years from urban schools. RESULTS Inadequate serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were diagnosed in more than half of the children and none of them met the recommended vitamin D intake. After adjusting for confounding factors in the multiple regression analysis, lower prevalence of insulin resistance and hypertriacylglycerolaemia was found in children with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·25; 95 % CI 0·08, 0·85) and ≥50 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·61; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·99), respectively. However, after adjusting for different indicators of adiposity, insulin resistance remained independently associated and the association with hypertriacylglycerolaemia was lost after adjusting for central adiposity. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was associated with the number of cardiometabolic alterations in children. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was high among the children and insulin resistance was the main cardiometabolic alteration associated with this condition, even in a tropical climate country such as Brazil.

Dietary calcium intake is inversely associated with blood pressure in Brazilian children.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the dietary calcium intake and its association with blood pressure in childhood. It is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 347 Brazilian children aged 8 and 9 years. We evaluated calcium intake through three dietary records. Blood pressure was measured following the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. The intake of calcium was below recommendations for almost all children (96.3%). There was statistically significant difference in the means of systolic (p = .041) and diastolic (p = .047) blood pressure in the tertiles of calcium intake. After adjustment of regression model, each tertile of calcium intake showed that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure was reduced in 1.53 (95% confidence interval: −2.84 to −0.21) and 1.83 mmHg (95% confidence interval: −3.49 to −0.19), respectively. Our results showed an inverse association between dietary calcium intake and blood pressure in childhood.

Predictive capacity of indicators of adiposity in the metabolic syndrome in elderly individuals

1 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição. Av. PH Rolfs, s/n., CCB-II, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Correspondência para/Correspondence to: KBD MORAIS. E-mail: <keila_bacelar@yahoo.com.br>. 2 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Article based on the master’s thesis of KBD MORAIS, entitled “Capacidade preditiva de indicadores de adiposidade sobre o risco cardiometabólico em idosos de Viçosa (MG)”. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2014. Support: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.

Neck circumference, cardiometabolic risk, and Framingham risk score: Population-based study

1 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Enfermagem e Medicina. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n., Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Correspondência para/Correspondence to: V.V ZANUNCIO. E-mail: <virginia.vinha@yahoo.com.br>. 2 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Nutrição. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde. Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Article based on the master thesis of VV ZANUNCIO, entitled “Perímetro do pescoço, adiposidade e risco cardiometabólico em adultos de Viçosa (MG): estudo de base populacional”. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2015. Neck circumference, cardiometabolic risk, and Framingham risk score: Population-based study

Fatores sociodemográficos, perinatais e comportamentais associados aos tipos de leite consumidos por crianças menores de seis meses: coorte de nascimento

This study evaluated factors associated with the consumption of breast milk (BM), infant formula (IF) and cow milk (CM) in children. This was a cohort study with 256 children followed-up at the 1st, 4th and 6th month of age in Viçosa (MG), Brazil. With respect to CM and IF, consumption was recorded regardless of BM intake. Regarding BM, only exclusive or predominant consumption was considered. From the 1st to the 6th month, an increase was recorded in the number of children who did not consume BM exclusively or predominantly (31.6%), as well as the consumption of CM (27.2%) and IF (9.3%). BM was associated with pacifier use at 1st month, and mothers employment status and pacifier use in the 4th and 6th month. Pacifier use was a risk factor for IF consumption in every month, while belonging to the lower income group was inversely associated in the 6th month. As for CM, the number of prenatal visits was a risk factor in every month, the mothers employment status and use of pacifier in the 4th month, family income, mothers employment status, low birth weight, number of prenatal visits and pacifier use in the 6th month. Since the 1st month, the introduction of other milk types is high, revealing that there is still much to go to ensure exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months.Resumo Avaliar os fatores associados ao consumo de leite materno (LM), formulas lacteas (FL) e leite de vaca (LV). Estudo de coorte com 247 criancas acompanhadas no 1°, 4° e 6° mes de vida, em Vicosa-MG. Para o LV e FL contabilizouse o consumo independentemente da ingestao de LM. Para o LM, considerou-se apenas o consumo exclusivo ou predominante. Do 1° ao 6° mes observou-se o aumento do nao consumo de LM de forma exclusiva ou predominante (31,6%), bem como do consumo de LV (27,2%) e FL (9,3%). O LM associou-se ao uso de chupeta no 1° mes, e ao trabalho materno e uso de chupeta no 4° e 6° mes. O uso de chupeta foi fator de risco para o consumo de FL em todos os meses, enquanto pertencer ao grupo de menor renda foi inversamente associado no 6° mes. Para o LV, o numero de consultas pre-natal foi fator de risco em todos os meses, o trabalho materno e o uso de chupeta no 4° mes, a renda familiar, trabalho materno, baixo peso ao nascer, numero de consultas pre-natal e uso de chupeta no 6° mes. Desde o 1° mes a introducao de outros tipos de leite e elevada, revelando que ainda ha muito a se percorrer para a garantia do aleitamento materno exclusivo ate os 6 meses.

Risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in adults: a population-based study

The article describes the relative frequency ok of risk and protective behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults residing in Viçosa, Brazil. A cross-section-al population-based study including 1,226 adults living in the municipality. We used a structured questionnaire containing questions sociodemographic and behavioral The risk and protection factors evaluated were: smoking, physical activity, excessive consumption of alcohol and food consumption. The proportion of risk and protection factors was calculated in the total population, according to gender, education and socioeconomic status. The studied population has a high frequency of risk factors for NCDs, such as excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, habit of consuming whole milk, habit of eating meat with visible fat, regular consumption of soft drinks and 78.5% did not achieve the minimum recommendation for physical activity in leisure time. With regard to protective factors, 86.2% of the population reported regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and 73%, of beans. It was found the highest frequency of risk factors in among males, in younger people and middle socioeconomic status. This population has an urgent need for public policy of municipal planning to change this current scenario.