Miles Taylor

The decline of British radicalism, 1847-1860

This wide-ranging book - one of the first major studies of British radicalism in the years between the collapse of Chartism in 1848 and the advent of Gladstonian liberalism in the 1860s - explains how and why radicalism lost its hold over British politics. The book begins by re-examining the rise of radicalism in the 1830s and 1840s, arguing that it was the 1832 Reform Act which invigorated radicalism, by enlarging the powers of parliament and increasing the need for independent MPs. As independents, between the mid-1830s and the mid-1850s, radicals, alongside other liberals and reformers, were invested with unprecedented influence in parliament, in the constituencies, and in the media. During the 1850s events at home and in Europe undermined the radical ascendancy, and paved the way for the moderate liberalism of the Gladstone years. This is an original and comprehensive revision of mid-nineteenth century radicalism and its influence on the origins of Gladstonian liberalism, filling an important gap in our knowledge of Victorian political history.

Party, state and society : electoral behaviour in Britain since 1820

The Brave New World of Media Politics - Richard Reeves PART ONE: REPORTERS, REPORTING AND THE BUSINESS OF NEWS Overview - Richard Reeves The Socialization of Reporters - Lou Cannon The American Journalist in the 1990s - David H Weaver and G Cleveland Wilhoit Covering the OJ Trial - Bill Boyarsky Show and Tell - Rita Braver Reporters Meet Politicians on Larry King Live Oliver Stone and History - Richard Reeves Combat Stories - Richard Cohen et al Sound-Bite News - Daniel C Hallin Television Coverage of Elections The US Media - Ben Bagdikian Supermarket or Assembly Line? Three Blind Mice - Ken Auletta Raiding the Global Village - Ken Auletta The Business of Television News - Jeff Greenfield PART TWO: REPORTERS AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS: WHO USES WHOM? Overview - Richard Reeves Cracking the News Code - W Lance Bennett Some Rules That Journalists Live By Press Theory and Journalistic Practice - William A Dorman The Case of the Gulf War Lying - Benjamin Bradlee The Theodore H White Lecture at Harvard University Who Uses Whom? - Daniel Schoor The Theodore H White Lecture at Harvard University PART THREE: MEDIA-BASED POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS Overview - Shanto Iyengar Are Media Campaigns Effective? - Larry Bartels et al Shifting Perspectives on the Effects of Campaign Communication - Stephen Ansolabehere, Shanto Iyengar and Adam Simon The Media - Kim F Kahn and Edie N Goldenberg Obstacle or Ally of Feminists? Women as Political Candidates - Celinda Lake, Linda DiVall and Shanto Iyengar Was 1992 the Year of the Woman? Voter Learning in the 1992 Presidential Campaign - Samuel L Popkin Campaigning and the Press - John R Petrocik The Influence of the Candidates Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate? - Stephen Ansolabehere et al PART FOUR: THE EFFECTS OF NEWS ON THE AUDIENCE: MINIMAL OR MAXIMAL CONSEQUENCES Overview - Shanto Iyengar Political Knowledge in Comparative Perspective - Michael D Dimock and Samuel L Popkin A Paradigmatic History of Agenda-Setting Research - Everett M Rogers, William B Hart and James W Dearing The News Media and the Pictures in Our Heads - Maxwell McCombs and George Estrada News Coverage of the Gulf Crisis and Public Opinion - Shanto Iyengar and Adam Simon A Study of Agenda-Setting, Priming, and Framing The Anatomy of News Media Priming - Joanne M Miller and Jon A Krosnick Framing Responsibility for Political Issues - Shanto Iyengar The Case of Poverty Modern Racism and Images of Blacks in Local Television News - Robert M Entman Crime in Black and White - Franklin Gilliam et al The Violent, Scary World of Local News A Model of Communication Effects at the Outbreak of the Gulf War - John R Zaller PART FIVE: THE USE OF MEDIA IN THE POLICY PROCESS Overview - Shanto Iyengar The Theory and Practice of Going Public - Sam Kernell Going Public in Undemocratic Polities - Richard Anderson Media Attention and Congressional Agendas - Frank R Baumgartner, Bryan D Jones and Beth L Leech Press Briefing by Press Secretary - Mike McCurry October 12 1995 Remarks by President Bill Clinton at the Second Americorps Swearing-In Ceremony October 12 1995 Going Less Public - Jarol B Manheim Managing Images to Influence US Foreign Policy Putting Media Effects Research to Work - Michael Pertschuk Lessons for Community Groups Who Would Be Heard Talking Back, Ernie Pyle Style - Susan Bales Framing the Framers - Vincent Schiraldi and Dan Maccalair Changing the Debate over Juvenile Crime in San Francisco Advocates Guide to Developing Framing Memos - Liana Winett

The dominion of history: the export of historical research from Britain since 1850†

In 1914 Britain lagged some way behind the U.S.A. and Germany in the development of historical research. Both at home and in the empire, the gentlemanly amateur tradition of history remained predominant. This article tells the story of what happened next: the rise of a generation of British-trained historians who went on to lead the expansion of historical research across the Commonwealth in the inter-war years. It is a story about the influence of the University of London in its federal heyday, about the role of historians in the public life of the empire, and, of course, about the Institute of Historical Research and its entrepreneurial founding director, A.F. Pollard.

Introduction: Asa Briggs and Public Life in Britain since 1945

In the annals of British public life since the end of the Second World War, few names stand out as prominently as that of Asa Briggs. A pioneering and best-selling historian, an architect of the new universities of the 1960s, the chronicler of the BBC, a champion of adult education, and a mover and shaker in the arts at home and in the internationalisation of British academia, Briggs has left his mark in many ways. Any one of his principal achievements — his contribution to Victorian studies, or his role in the founding years of the University of Sussex, or his history of the BBC — would suffice for most academic lifetimes. Yet, blessed with a famous energy and a restless intelligence, Briggs has accomplished so much more in his career. He has written at least 30 books, and four times as many articles and chapters.1 In addition to Sussex, he has led the history department at Leeds, been Provost of Worcester College, Oxford, and Chancellor of the Open University. His capacity for public service is legend, almost spanning the alphabet from the Advisory Board for Redundant Churches to the Workers’ Educational Association (WEA), and including significant spells with the British Film Institute, the Leverhulme Trust (whose history he wrote) and the Universities Grants Committee. Aptly, he has been called the ‘Macaulay of the welfare state’.2

Introduction: The Man behind the Queen

On April 23, 1702, Queen Anne, the last of the Stuart monarchs of England and Scotland, was crowned with regal solemnity in Westminster Abbey. As a queen regnant, Anne had inherited the office and estate of king, and was crowned in a manner similar to that of her kingly progenitors. There was, however, one important difference. In a clear break with previous English precedent, Anne was crowned alone, even though she had a husband, Prince George of Denmark, who did not become a king of England as did the wives of kings, who enjoy the title of queen. Prince George nonetheless enjoyed precedence over all the other peers of the realm as he watched the ceremony from inside the Abbey. Noted for his joviality, he did not appear to be in any way emasculated by the fact that he did not share his wife’s royal status as a king consort, as Philip of Spain had during his marriage to the sixteenth-century Tudor queen regnant Mary I.1

The Wake of Wellington: Englishness in 1852 – By Peter W. Sinnema

range of archival collections, the volume offers a detailed account of its subject. A useful first chapter outlines Labour’s development from its formation in 1900 to the 1923 general election. This is followed by two chapters on Labour’s move into office. Chapters on the parliamentary position, domestic policy, and foreign policy follow. The final chapters look at the government’s downfall, particularly in relation to the Campbell Case and Zinoviev Letter, and the political aftermath. The authors conclude that Labour’s first spell in office was an important stage in the party’s development, particularly in dispatching any threat of a Liberal revival. The government had achievements to its name: these included, as every student essay on the subject would tell us, not only the Wheatley Housing Act, but also the pacification of Europe after the traumas of 1923. On the other hand, in areas like economic policy, the empire, and Home Office affairs, there was a good deal of continuity with previous and succeeding governments. There are also some intelligent comments about the ways in which the involvement of Communism—at home and abroad—in the fall of the government helped to ensure the exclusion of Communists from the Labour Party after 1924. At the end of the day, the party leadership was able to use the excuse of the government’s weak parliamentary position to excuse their failings in office, but, as the authors show, these were failings that would probably have manifested themselves in any case. Overall, the verdict is broadly positive; at the same time, however, it is noted that there were warning signs that a future Labour government might not get away with similar failings again. There is little in any of this to which the reader can take serious exception— indeed, if there is an overarching criticism of the book, it is that in many ways it is rather predictable in its approach and conclusions. There are also a few places where more careful editing would have improved the flow of the book, as with the repetition of the references to Lord Haldane’s home at Cloan; and there are odd errors, such as calling the Duke of Devonshire “Lord Devonshire” (51–52, 147). Nonetheless, this is a very serviceable account, and will probably stand as the standard work on its subject for some years to come.