Mimoun Elboujdaini

Corrosion prevention and protection : practical solutions

Preface. Acknowledgments. PART I. 1 Introduction and Principles of Corrosion. 1.1 Impact of Corrosion. 1.2 Preliminary Aspects of Thermodynamics and Kinetics. 1.3 Nature of Corrosion Reactions. 1.4 Oxidation and High-temperature Corrosion. 1.4.1 Oxidation of Alloys. 1.5 Corrosion Prevention. 1.6 Design Factors. 1.7 Life Prediction Analysis of Materials. 1.8 Corrosion Protection. References. 2 Corrosion Testing, Detection, Monitoring and Failure Analysis. 2.1 Corrosion Testing. 2.2 Corrosion Detection and Monitoring. 2.3 Failure Analysis. References. 3 Regulations, Specifications and Safety. 3.1 Regulations and Specifications. 3.2 Safety Considerations. References. 4 Materials: Metals, Alloys, Steels and Plastics. 4.1 Cast Irons. 4.2 Carbon and Low-alloy Steels. 4.3 Stainless Steels. 4.4 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. 4.5 Copper and Copper Alloys. 4.6 Nickel and its Alloys. 4.7 Titanium and its Alloys. 4.8 Cobalt Alloys. 4.9 Lead and Lead Alloys. 4.10 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys. 4.11 Zinc and Zinc Alloys. 4.12 Zirconium and its Alloys. 4.13 Tin and Tin Plate. 4.15 Polymeric Materials. References. 5 Corrosion Economics and Corrosion Management. 5.1 Corrosion Economics. 5.2 Corrosion Management. 5.3 Computer Applications. References. PART II. 6 The Forms of Corrosion. 6.1 Corrosion Reactions. 6.2 Corrosion Media. 6.3 Active and Active-Passive Corrosion Behavior. 6.4 Forms of Corrosion. 6.5 Types and Modes of Corrosion. 6.6 The Morphology of Corroded Materials. 6.7 Published Corrosion Data. References. Bibliography. 7 Practical Solutions. 7.1 Cathodic Protection of Water Mains. Bibliography. 7.2 Internal Corrosion of Aluminum Compressed Air Cylinders. Bibliography. 7.3 Some Common Failure Modes in Aircraft Structures. 7.4 Premature Failure of Tie Rods of a Suspension Bridge. 7.5 Corrosion and Lead Leaching of Domestic Hot and Cold Water Loops in a Building. References. 7.6 Cathodic Protection of Steel in Concrete. Bibliography. 7.7 Corrosion of Aluminum Components in the Glass Curtain Wall of a Building. References. 7.8 Corrosion in a Water Cooling System. 7.9 Pitting Corrosion of 90/10 Cupronickel Chiller Tubes. Bibliography. 7.10 Weld Metal Overlay: a Cost-effective Solution to High-temperature Corrosion and Wear Problems. Bibliography. 7.11 Equipment Cracking Failure Case Studies. 7.12 Failure of a Conveyor Drive Shaft. 7.13 Failure Analysis of Copper Pipe in a Sprinkler System. 7.14 Failure of Rock Bolts. References. 7.15 Failure Analysis of 316L Stainless Steel Tubing of a High-pressure Still Condenser. References. 7.16 Failure of a Landing Gear Steel Pin. Reference. 7.17 Hydrogen-induced Cracking. References. 7.18 Micromechanisms of Liquid and Solid Metal-induced Embrittlement. References. 7.19 Nitrate SCC of Carbon Steel in the Heat Recovery Steam Generators of a Co-generation Plant. References. 7.20 Performance of Stainless Steel Rebar in Concrete. Bibliography. 7.21 Corrosion of an Oil Storage Tank. References. 7.22 Corrosion of a Carbon Steel Tank in a Phosphatizing Process. 7.23 Underground Corrosion of Water Pipes in Cities. 7.24 Corrosion in Drilling and Well Stimulation. References. Index.

Potentiostatic study of the passivation of aluminium alloys in aqueous electrolyte media

The anodic oxidation of Al 5083 and Al 6061 has been studied by steady state and transient polarization measurements in deoxygenated chloride solution containing sulphate ions at 22°C. Complementary to the electrochemical studies, techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to investigate the morphological structure and chemical state of the electrode surface. The data suggests that a porous film of MgO and possibly Fe2O3 (for Al 6061) is formed on the electrode surface in addition to the aluminium oxide film (Al2O3). Some mechanisms for the growth of surface films on both alloys are discussed.

ELECTROCHEMICAL AND CORROSION STUDY OF DIAMONDLIKE FILMS ON 304L AND 316L STEEL

ABSTRACT Amorphous diamondlike carbon films in which carbon atoms are covalently bonded in sp3 configuration can withstand very rough environmental conditions such as rain erosion, sea water corrosion or corrosive atmosphere. Hence these films can be ideally suitable as protective and wear resistance coating on substrates which are frequently exposed to rough environmental conditions. While developing the deposition technology at NOI for obtaining high quality films for infrared application it was decided to probe other areas, such as electrochemical corrosion where these films could be used as protective coating against corrosion attacks. Electrochemical and corrosion properties of amorphous diamondlike carbon films deposited on stainless steel substrates 304L and 316L were studied using poteniodynamic technique in electrolytes, viz., 2 (wt%) sodium chloride + 1 (wt%) sodium sulphate, pH 6.0 and 0.1N sulphuric acid pH 1.0. Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process and as well as direct deposition using a low energy ion beam of methane was used for film deposition. Electrochemical results confirmed that the corrosion resistance of coated specimens was significantly enhanced with decrease in corrosion current (icorr) and corrosion rate. Ion beam deposited films indicated better corrosion resistance than films obtained by microwave plasma CVD process.

Electrochemical behaviour of nitrogen-implanted 4145 steel

Abstract The corrosion behaviour of nitrogen-implanted (with and without Ti-coating) 4145 steel was investigated using the potentiodynamic technique in a 0.5M sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer (pH 5.0) solution. Nitrogen ions (N + 2 ) were implanted at 100 keV with doses ranging from 1 × 10 16 to 3 × 10 17 ions cm −2 . Parameters such as polarization resistance, anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes along with corrosion rates were evaluated. The best results were obtained with a dose of 3× 10 17 ions cm −2 . Surface morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy revealed fewer pits in Ti-coated 4145 steel. Moreover, it also suggested an increase in E p = E pass − E pit compared to uncoated steel, thus protecting the surface from active corrosion. EDXA analysis was also carried out to study the constituents and possible mechanism of pitting.