Min Kwon

Acute Oral or Dermal and Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate in Spraque Dawley (SD) Rats

Objectives Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSP) is used in processed meat products, as an emulsifier in cheese, and as a color preservative in soybean paste. However, little is known about its toxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the potential acute and repeated dose toxicity of TSP in Spraque Dawley (SD) rats. Methods In the acute study, animals were administered with oral or dermal doses of 2,000 mg/kg TSP. In the repeated dose study, animals were administered doses of 0, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg by oral gavage five times a week for 90 days. Results In acute toxicity studies, no dead animals or abnormal necropsy findings were found in the control or treated group. In the repeated dose toxicity study, there were no significant changes in body weight in the 1,000 mg/kg treatment group, or food consumption, urinalysis, and hematology in any group. With regards serum biochemistry, the levels of total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, triglyceride, calcium and inorganic phosphate were altered at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg. However, no changes were observed at the dose of 250 mg/kg. With regards histopathological findings, cortical tubular basophilia of the kidney increased at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg, but not at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in other organs at doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. Conclusions Based on the results, TSP is unclassified according to the Globally Harmonization System, with an LD50 value of over 2,000 mg/kg. The no observed effect level (NOEL) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were 250 and 500 mg/kg /day respectively and the target organ appears to be the kidney.

Anti-diabetic Effects of Isaria tenuipes in OLETF Rats as an Animal Model of Diabetes Mellitus Type II

ABSTRACT - We evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of Isaria tenuipes in diabetes mellitus type 2. For the exper-iments, the diabetic animal model OLETF rats were divided to 4 groups: Isaria tenuipes was administered mixed withthe high fat diet 45% at dose levels of 0.0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0% for 4 weeks. All animals have free access to waterand high fat diet 45%. The diabetic clinical markers, including clinical signs, body weight and food intake, organweights, blood glucose level, insulin level and HOMA-IR index, oral glucose tolerance test, GLUT4 mRNA and pro-tein were measured at a time. After administration for 4 weeks, the blood glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index of test groups were decreased compared with control group in dose-dependent manner. The body weight anddiet consumptions were reduced in control group at 4 weeks. The treatments of Isaria tenuipes also showed highexpression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein in the muscle of OLETF rats. The results suggest that Isaria tenuipes hasanti-hyperglycemic effect attenuating blood glucose in the animal model of type 2 diabetes and might be useful as afunctional diet for human diabetic diseases.Key words: Isaria tenuipes, diabetes mellitus, OLETF rats, glucose, insulin, GLUT4