Min-Sou Wu

Modeling of symmetric composite right/left-handed coplanar waveguides with applications to compact bandpass filters

This study proposes an equivalent-circuit model for the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW) comprising the series interdigital capacitor and shunt meandering short-circuited stub inductor in symmetric configuration. The new technique for extracting the equivalent-circuit elements of the CRLH CPW, which include inductances, capacitances, and resistances to represent the left-handed, right-handed, and lossy characteristics, is developed based on the effective medium concept. The applications to the compact resonators and filters are presented to emphasize the unique features of the CRLH CPW. A novel CRLH CPW resonator with a 0/spl deg/ effective electrical length at resonance is proposed, which gives a 49.1% size reduction when compared with the conventional half-wavelength resonator at 5 GHz. Based on the zeroth-order CRLH CPW resonators, an inductively coupled two-pole bandpass filter with 5.4% 3-dB bandwidth and 2.7-dB insertion loss at 5 GHz is implemented, and it is 51.4% more compact than the conventional structure. A good agreement among the results of the full-wave simulation, equivalent-circuit model, published data, and measurement demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed modeling technique. To suppress the higher order harmonic spurious passbands, the electromagnetic-bandgap CPW structures are incorporated into the proposed CRLH CPW filter.

A Novel 3-dB Directional Coupler With Broad Bandwidth and Compact Size Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Coplanar Waveguides

A wideband composite right/left-handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW) coupler with 3-dB coupling value and quadrature phase difference is presented. Compared with the conventional edge-coupled CPW coupler, this symmetrical structure, consisting of a gap capacitor, a broadside-coupled capacitor, and a meandering short-circuited stub inductor, achieves wider operating bandwidth and larger coupling level. The 3-dB CRLH CPW coupler with 0.7mm spacing between coupled lines exhibits an amplitude balance of 2dB and a phase balance of 900 plusmn 50 from 3.2 to 7.6GHz. The coupled-line length and the port impedance of the proposed structure are approximately lambda/4 and 50Omega, respectively, which makes it more compact than the cascaded CRLH microstrip coupled-line coupler. To characterize this structure, the equivalent circuit model including the unique coupling mechanism within CRLH CPWs is established and verified by measurement. The signal with less dispersion on output ports is demonstrated based on the standard deviation of group delay time

SYNTHESIS OF TRIPLE-BAND AND QUAD-BAND BANDPASS FILTERS USING LUMPED-ELEMENT COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE RESONATORS

This paper develops a novel design method for synthesizing the multi-passband filter with high flexibility in various passband location and fractional bandwidth. Using the proposed compensation technology in the equivalent circuit of multi-passband resonator, the cutoff frequencies and matching property in passband regions can be improved. Tripleand quad-band bandpass filters operating in both wireless local area network (WLAN) 802.11 a/b/g and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) systems are presented to verify the design method. The lumped-element coplanar waveguide stub fabricated by the split-ring resonator is established to realize filter with compact size. All the measured, full-wave simulated and equivalent-circuit modeled results illustrate a good agreement among them, which validates the multi-passband design methodology and shows the advantages of DC elimination and deep rejection between each passband.

Design of Composite Right/Left-Handed Coplanar-Waveguide Bandpass and Dual-Passband Filters

The design and implementation of novel coplanar-waveguide (CPW) bandpass and dual-passband filters that consist of the composite right/left-handed short-circuited stubs are proposed. In contrast to the conventional short-circuited stub, whose input impedance repeats every half-wavelength, the composite right/left-handed CPW stub combines the phase-lead composite right/left-handed CPW and the phase-lag uniform CPW to achieve the arbitrary resonant frequencies with compact size. The equivalent bandpass and dual-passband LC resonators are established by investigating the frequency responses of the composite right/left-handed CPW stubs. The composite right/left-handed CPW bandpass filter is 62.5% more compact than the conventional quarter-wavelength shunt-stub CPW bandpass filter. The composite right/left-handed CPW dual-passband filter, which possesses the sharp rejection between the two asymmetric passbands, is also developed. The synthesis procedures of the composite right/left-handed CPW bandpass and dual-passband filters are successfully validated by measurement and full-wave simulation

A Novel Triple-Band Microstrip Branch-Line Coupler With Arbitrary Operating Frequencies

This letter presents a novel microstrip branch-line coupler operating in three frequency bands. The design methodology of the triple-band branch-line coupler is established by using a compensation technique to improve the matching property within each passband region. The proposed coupler with compact size is realized by folded microstrip open-circuited and short-circuited stubs. The measured, full-wave simulated and equivalent-circuit modeled results illustrate good agreement among them, which validates the design method and shows the advantages of deep rejection between each operating frequency, and the dc grounded input and output ports.

Design of Artificial Lumped-Element Coplanar Waveguide Filters With Controllable Dual-Passband Responses

This study develops an analytical design methodology for synthesizing dual-passband filters with controllable frequency responses. The novel dual-passband filters are constructed from the artificial lumped-element coplanar waveguide stub whose behavior is equivalent to that of a parallel connection of series LC and shunt LC resonators. To improve the frequency response within two passbands, the impedance matching and the phase and impedance compensations are employed in filter design by attaching additional inductors and capacitors to dual-passband resonators. Two types of filters with significantly different bandwidth and separation of two passbands are implemented and the measured results are very consistent with the theoretical predictions, sufficiently validating the proposed design methodology and filter configuration. The proposed filters realized by artificial lumped-element resonators provide the advantages over conventional dual-passband filters in terms of compact size, spurious dc passband elimination, and deep suppression between two passbands.

Asymmetric Dual-Passband Coplanar Waveguide Filters Using Periodic Composite Right/Left-Handed and Quarter-Wavelength Stubs

A novel dual-passband coplanar waveguide (CPW) filter periodically loaded with the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) short-circuited stubs and the quarter-wavelength open-circuited stubs in asymmetric configuration is presented. The unit-cell equivalent circuit of the periodic structure in conjunction with Floquets theorem is employed to find the propagation characteristics of passband and stopband regions. Unlike the conventional quarter-wavelength transmission-line inverter suitable only for a narrow frequency range, the dual-band inverter is adopted in the dual-passband filter to achieve a better frequency response within two operating bands. The performance of the 2.4/5.8-GHz third-order CRLH CPW dual-passband filter with 52% and 23% bandwidths is measured and validated by full-wave simulation. Two arbitrary passband regions are presented and the stopband within the passbands can be controlled by varying the length of open-circuited stub, supporting the flexibility and compactness of the proposed dual-passband filter

Equivalent circuit modeling of symmetric composite right/left-handed coplanar waveguides

The composite right/left-handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW) consisting of the series interdigital capacitor (IDC) and the shunt meandering short-circuited stub inductor (SSI) in symmetric configuration is investigated theoretically and experimentally. To characterize this structure, the equivalent circuit model composed of inductances, capacitances, and resistances to represent the left-handed (LH), right-handed (RH), and lossy characteristics is established. These equivalent circuit elements are extracted simultaneously from S-parameters based on effective medium theory. The extraction method is to examine both the CRLH microstrip line and the CRLH CPW to illustrate the versatility of the formulation. The application of the CRLH CPW in the compact short circuited stub is presented to highlight the unique feature of the CRLH CPW. Compared to the conventional CPW short-circuited stub, the 51.4% length reduction of the case using the CRLH CPW is achieved at 5 GHz.

Compact Composite Right/Left-handed Coplanar Waveguide Filters with Arbitrary Passband and Stopband Responses

Novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) bandpass filters (BPFs) periodically loaded with the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) short-circuited stubs are proposed. The equivalent-circuit models of the CRLH CPW components are established and validated. The CRLH CPW BPF is 56 % more compact than the conventional quarter-wavelength shunt-stub BPF. The dual-band CRLH CPW filter, having the sharp rejection between the two asymmetric passbands, is also developed to support the flexibility of the CRLH circuits

Novel compact metamaterial-based cavity resonator with broad bandwidth

Metamaterials have attracted considerable interest among scientists and engineers owing to their interesting electromagnetic properties not observed in naturally occurring materials [1]. As a kind of metamaterial, the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) [2]-[4] is composed of the periodic metal arrays on a metal-backed dielectric substrate. Such a structure functions as a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) with the capability of presenting a near-zero reflection phase for a wave normally incident to the surface. Among the numerous applications that these AMC structures can be found, they include ground plane of antennas [2], cavity antennas [3], and quasi-TEM waveguides [4].