Minde Zhao

An Approach to Optimize Intra-ECU Communication Based on Mapping of AUTOSAR Runnable Entities

Communication plays an important role in modern automotive system architecture. In order to optimize the AUTOSAR intra-ECU communication, an approach based on mapping runnable entities is proposed to reduce task switching, and avoid communication data inconsistency and time delay. Taking into account the various communication behaviors of all runnable entities in the current ECU, we provide six extended rules based on AUTOSAR RTE mapping rules to properly group the runnables into the OS tasks. In addition, an equation is given to evaluate the mapping performance. A mapping case of a vehicle control application has been successfully implemented on SmartOSEK OS.

Model-based design and verification of automotive electronics compliant with OSEK/VDX

Model-based approaches are gradually applied in embedded system design with Unified Modeling Language (UML) and its profiles, but in terms of automotive electronics domain, few developers adopt UML to design system models because of inadequate tools that support the domain-specific modeling. This paper puts forward a model-based approach for automobile electronics software design and verification with a dependable platform compliant with OSEK/VDX standard. In addition, a case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the approach. The contribution of the approach is threefold. First, the approach applies the theory of model-based design with OSEK/VDX standard in automotive electronics domain. Second, the approach solves the transformation between UML models and OSEK/VDX models through an efficient method. Third, the approach simulates the system models and provides the designer with the results to optimize the design at design-level.

SmartOSEK Based Design and Verification for In-vehicle Network System: A Model-Based Approach

Electronic control units (ECUs) are widely used to improve the comfort and reliability of vehicles. Due to the increasing degree of distribution and interaction of ECUs, many approaches are adopted to design the in-vehicle networks to ensure the stability and reliability of the holistic network, but none of them support the synchronous development of in-vehicle networks and software in ECUs. This paper put forward a model-based approach to design the in-vehicle networks and the software in ECUs with presenting a dependable platform compliant with OSEK/VDX specifications. The paper presents a tool-chain that covers the entire system development life-cycle including system modeling, model transformation, model analysis, network simulation, code generation, document generation and runtime instrumentation. In addition, a case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the approach. The contribution of the approach is threefold. First, the approach applies the theory of model-based design with OSEK/VDX standard in automotive electronics domain, and implements the transformation between SysML models and OSEK/VDX models through an efficient method. Second, the approach presents a method of software co-design among distributed ECUs. Third, the approach bring forward a simulation model for the system models with in-vehicle networks and provides the designer with the simulation results to optimize the design at the early time of the development

Enforcing model consistency in the AUTOSAR modeling environment

This paper addresses the model consistency problem in the AUTOSAR modeling environment, aiming to achieve dynamic synchronization within or between different AUTOSAR modeling steps. Observing that the AUTOSAR component hierarchy can be very complex and the modification of one model can affect its consistency with the others, we propose to use a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with indexing mechanism to model the software component architecture. The idea is to assign each vertex as a modeling element and use a directed edge to represent an aggregation relationship between vertices. Then we present a set of consistency rules to ensure the model consistency. A prototype is developed and serves as a testbed for performance evaluation and illustrating the feasibility of our approach.

A Bidirectional Generation Method of SmartC Models and Codes

This paper proposes a bidirectional generation method with a set of consistent bidirectional generation rules between SmartC models and codes. Based on these rules, the consistency of the bidirectional generation between SmartC models and codes is demonstrated by a case study. Extensive tests are conducted to show the performance of this bidirectional generation method. And the efforts of different industrial applications are recorded to illustrate its advantage of decreasing project efforts and accelerating project progress.

SmartC: A Component-Based Hierarchical Modeling Language for Automotive Electronics

This paper introduces SmartC, a language designed for programming automotive electronics embedded systems such as engine control systems. SmartC is a hierarchical modeling language and implements the SmartOSEK operating system model. The SmartC models are classified into four levels, namely module level, task level, subtask level and component level. In the SmartC models, control-flow oriented models and data-flow oriented models are integrated in the hybrid SmartC models. At the task level, the model is constructed based on the control flow, whereas the component level model is constructed based on the data flow. In SmartC programs, all inter-task communication, task triggering mechanisms, and access to guarded global variables, are automatically generated by the SmartC generator which generates the C code from the SmartC code. Having well-structured concurrency mechanisms, SmartC greatly reduces the risk of concurrency errors, such as deadlock and race conditions. The SmartC language is implemented on the automated manual transmission (AMT) control system and is compatible with the OSEK/VDX specifications. We use a continuous time (CT) model as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the language