Mine Erişir

The in vitro effect of cypermethrin on quality and oxidative stress indices of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss spermatozoa

There is limited information on the scientific literature about the effect of in vitro exposure of fish sperm to pesticides. In vitro effect of cypermethrin on sperm quality and oxidative stress has not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, the effects of cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid insecticide, on quality and oxidative stress of spermatozoa were examined in vitro. To explore the potential in vitro toxicity of cypermethrin, fish spermatozoa were incubated with different concentrations of cypermethrin (1.025, 2.05 and 4.1 μg/l) for 2 h. The motility rate and duration of sperm were determined after exposure to cypermethrin. Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in spermatozoa were analyzed for determination of oxidant and antioxidant balance. Our results indicated that spermatozoa motility and duration significantly decreased with exposure to cypermethrin. Additionally, activity of GSH-Px (P<0.05) and MDA and GSH levels increased in a concentration-dependent manner while CAT activity decreased (P<0.05). Consequently, the oxidant and antioxidant status and sperm quality were affected by quantitative changes and different concentrations of cypermethrin.

Effects of additional Vitamin E and selenium supply on G6PDH activity in rats treated with high doses of glucocorticoid.

The aim of this work was to determine the effects of dietary intake Vitamin E and selenium (Se) on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in rats treated with high doses of prednisolone. Two hundred and fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The rats were fed a normal diet, but groups 3, 4, and 5 received a daily supplement in their drinking water of 20mg Vitamin E, 0.3mg Se, and a combination of Vitamin E and Se, respectively, for 30 days. For 3 days subsequently, the control group (group 1) was treated with a placebo, and the remaining four groups were injected intramuscularly with 100 mg/kg body weight prednisolone. After the last administration of prednisolone, 10 rats from each group were killed at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h and the activities of G6PDH enzymes in their tissues were measured. Hepatic and spleen G6PDH activities in the prednisolone treatment group began to decrease gradually at 8 h, while enzyme activities did not change in the kidney and heart. However, the administration of Vitamin E alone did not affect G6PDH activity in any of the tissues. Se supplementation had a preventive effect on the decrease of G6PDH caused by prednisolone and improved the diminished activities of G6PDH. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that a high dose of prednisolone may alter the effects of normal dose glucocorticoids and that Se is effective in reducing damage in prednisolone-treated rats. Se may prevent the changes in G6PDH activity in various tissues caused by prednisolone in various tissues.

Effect of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos exposure on oxidative stress and quality of Salmo coruhensis spermatozoa

Abstract The use of pesticides has been increasing along with increasing farming activities and has caused deleterious environmental impacts. Non-target organisms in particular, including fish, are affected by pesticides. In this work, the impacts of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) on sperm oxidative stress markers and sperm motility were investigated in vitro. CPF concentrations were 0 μg/L (control), 5 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 15 μg/L. Lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)], nonenzymatic antioxidants [glutathione (GSH)] and enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)] activities in sperm cells were examined for the determination of oxidative stress status. Our findings showed that motility and survival of sperm cells significantly decreased with exposure to Chlorpyrifos. Biochemical assays revealed that CAT activity and levels of MDA and, GSH increased in spermatozoa based on CPF concentration while activity of GSH-Px and SOD decreased. Consequently, spermatozoa were highly sensitive to CPF exposure. It can be deduced that CPF has the potential to disrupt sperm quality and to cause to oxidative stress in sperm cells of S. coruhensis.

Oxidative stress and altered levels of antioxidants in adolescents with Down syndrome during pre-exercise and post-exercise

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey. Physical Education and Sports School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey. Department of Physical Education and Sports School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health of Science, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey.

Effects of Fresh, Ensiled and Dried Alfalfa on Free Radical Damage and Some Antioxidants in the Blood of Lambs

Bu calismada, taze, silaj ve kuru yoncanin kuzularin kanindaki serbest radikal hasari ve antioksidan sistem uzerine etkileri arastirilmistir. Bu amacla, calismada 40 adet Akkaraman erkek kuzu (yas: 4 aylik, canli agirlik: 21 kg) kullanilmistir. Arastirma rasyonlari izonitrojenik ve izokalorik olarak hazirlanmis ve rasyonlarda kullanilan yonca formu deneme gruplarini olusturmustur: bugday samani-kontrol grubu (K), taze yonca grubu (TY), yonca silaji grubu (SY) ve kuru yonca grubu (KY). Hayvan Denemesi, 10 gun alistirma ve 98 gun ornekleme olmak uzere toplam 108 gun surdurulmustur. Kuzularin jugular veninden kan ornekleri alinarak MDA, GSH, Cu duzeyleri ile KAT, GSH-Px aktiviteleri olculmusur. Denemede en yuksek plazma MDA ve Cu duzeyleri taze yonca grubunda gorulurken, en dusuk degerler ise kuru yonca grubunda gozlenmistir (P 0.05). Sonuc olarak taze yonca ile beslenen hayvanlarda plazma MDA duzeyinin yuksek olmasi yine yuksek seviyede bulunan Cu’in prooksidan etkisinden kaynaklanabilir. Antioksidan enzimlerden katalaz aktivitesinin yuksek olmasi serbest radikal hasarina karsi artan bir savunma seklinde yorumlanabilir.

Changes in nitric oxide levels and erythrocyte arginase activities in patient with Down syndrome

Down syndrome is a chromosome abnormality with specific clinical symptoms and mental retardation caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. There is evidence that oxygen free radicals play an important role in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Although, it has not been investigated yet, several recent studies proposed that nitric oxide related to oxidative stress and arginase may have a pathophysiological role in mental retardation. The purpose of this study was to determine plasma nitric oxide levels and erythrocyte arginase activities in patients with Down syndrome and in healthy children. Plasma nitric oxide levels and erythrocyte arginase activity were measured in 20 patients with Down syndrome (median age: 15.6 ± 7.5) and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (median age: 16.2 ± 7.4). Significant differences were found between erythrocyte arginase activity of the patients with Down syndrome (35.2 ± 2.7 U/g hemoglobin (Hb)) and those of healthy children (43.5 ± 2.9 U/g Hb), (P 0.05). It was concluded that the level of erythrocyte arginase activity could be considered as a useful marker for assessing the level of mental retardation in children with Down syndrome.