Ming Chian Yew

Effect of Epoxy Binder on Fire Protection and Bonding Strength of Intumescent Fire Protective Coatings for Steel

This study focuses on the effect of epoxy emulsion, a binder for producing water-borne intumescent fire protective coating for steel structures. The influence of binder on the fire resistive performance, char formation, thermal stability and bonding strength of the coatings were investigated in detail by using Bunsen burner test, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Instron microtester. It was found that the fire protection performance and foam structure of coating sample D2 was significantly improved by adding 10wt% of epoxy resin which produced the greatest thickness of char layer. In addition, TGA results showed that the residue weight of coating D2 was higher than coating sample D3 with 15wt% of epoxy. This indicated that sample D2 has better anti-oxidation and thermal stability. The results of Instron microtester indicated that the bonding strength of the coatings was improved with the increase of epoxy content.

Effects of oil palm shell coarse aggregate species on high strength lightweight concrete.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different species of oil palm shell (OPS) coarse aggregates on the properties of high strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC). Original and crushed OPS coarse aggregates of different species and age categories were investigated in this study. The research focused on two OPS species (dura and tenera), in which the coarse aggregates were taken from oil palm trees of the following age categories (3–5, 6–9, and 10–15 years old). The results showed that the workability and dry density of the oil palm shell concrete (OPSC) increase with an increase in age category of OPS species. The compressive strength of specimen CD3 increases significantly compared to specimen CT3 by 21.8%. The maximum achievable 28-day and 90-day compressive strength is 54 and 56 MPa, respectively, which is within the range for 10–15-year-old crushed dura OPS. The water absorption was determined to be within the range for good concrete for the different species of OPSC. In addition, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) results showed that the OPS HSLWC attain good condition at the age of 3 days.

Effects of Low Volume Fraction of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Concrete

This paper presents the effects of low volume fraction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell (OPS) high strength lightweight concrete mixtures. The slump, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity under various curing conditions have been measured and evaluated. The results indicate that an increase in PVA fibers decreases the workability of the concrete and decreases the density slightly. The 28-day compressive strength of oil palm shell fiber-reinforced concrete (OPSFRC) high strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) subject to continuous moist curing was within the range of 43–49 MPa. The average modulus of elasticity () value is found to be 16.1 GPa for all mixes, which is higher than that reported in previous studies and is within the range of normal weight concrete. Hence, the findings of this study revealed that the PVA fibers can be used as an alternative material to enhance the properties of OPS HSLWC for building and construction applications.

Investigation on solvent-borne intumescent flame-retardant coatings for steel

Abstract This paper presents an investigation on solvent-borne intumescent flame-retardant coatings that can provide good bonding strength, water resistance and fire protection to the steel substrate. The fire protection performance and characterisations of the coatings were investigated by using the Bunsen burner test, thermogravimetry analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope, static immersion test and Instron Micro Tester. It was found that the fire protection and foam structure of the coating significantly improved by adding the combination of Mg(OH)2 and TiO2 flame-retardant fillers to the flame-retardant additives and acrylic binder. The formation of uniform foam structure and reaction of the coating which decompose into voluminous and multi-cellular char layers with thermal insulation properties contribute an important fire protection to the steel substrate from reaching its critical temperature. However, the combination of [Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2] flame-retardant fillers to the flame-retardant additives and epoxy binder led to maximum adhesion strength. The improvement in the bonding properties of the coating to the metal surface was attributed to the effective [Mg(OH)2 and TiO2] fillers/epoxy binder interface adhesion. Hence, the findings of this study reveal that the selection of appropriate combination of binders and flame-retardant fillers strongly influenced the fire protection, water resistance and mechanical properties of intumescent coatings.

Integration of active and passive cool roof system for attic temperature reduction

The aim of this project is to study the capability of cool roof system in the reduction of heat transmission through metal roof into an attic. The cool roof system is designed in active and passive methods to reduce the thermal loads imposed to a building. Two main features are introduced to this cool roof system, which is thermal insulation coating (TIC) and moving air cavity (MAC) that served as active and passive manner, respectively. For MAC, two designs are introduced. Normal MAC is fabricated by six aluminium tubes whereby each aluminium tube is made up by sticking up of five aluminium cans. While improved MAC is also made by six aluminium tubes whereby each aluminium tube is custom made from steel rods and aluminium foils. MAC provides ventilation and heat reflection under the metal roof before the heat transfer into attic. It also coupled with three solar powered fans to increase heat flow inside the channel. The cool roof that incorporated TIC, MAC with solar powered fans and opened attic inlet s...

Enhancement of durability properties of heat-treated oil palm shell species lightweight concrete

Oil palm shell (OPS) are non-hazardous waste materials and can be used as alternative coarse aggregates to substitute depleting conventional raw materials. A study on preparing the OPS species (dura and tenera) lightweight concrete (LWC) using with and without heat-treated OPS aggregate has been investigated. Two different species of OPS coarse aggregate are subjected to heat treatment at 65 and 130 °C with duration of 1 hour. The results reveal that the slump value of the OPSC increases significantly with an increase in temperature of heat treatment of the tenera OPS aggregates. It is found that the maximum achievable 28-days and 180-days compressive strength is 45.6 and 47.5 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) and water absorption tests were performance to signify the effects of heat-treated on OPS species LWC. The use of heat-treated OPS LWC induced the advantageous of reducing the permeability and capillary porosity as well as water absorption. Hence, the findings of...