Miodrag Roić

Towards a real property cadastre in Croatia

Abstract The fall of the Iron Curtain and the change of social and economic order in the East European countries, as in Croatia, have caused great alterations, especially in the perception of real property ownership and real property transactions. To be able to support the growing real property market it is necessary to reform the land administration system, because of the social ownership concept that was in practice over 50 years on the former Yugoslavia territory. Having recognised this challenge, Croatia invests enormous efforts and significant financial resources in order to modernise the land registration system as quickly as possible, so as to guarantee security of ownership and real property transactions. In this paper, an overview of the inherited cadastral system and current activities towards a modern real property cadastre is given.

Examination of Compatibility Between the Croatian Land Administration System and LADM

Croatian land administration system faces a great crossroad because it demands for a single maintenance solution of digital cadastral plans converted from an analogue to a digital form a few years back. Joint Information System of Land Books and Cadastre is currently under development. For the cadastral system transformation compliance with international standards is very important. Furthermore, introduction of the new geodetic datum and the new cartographic projections adopted in 2004 is still in its implementation phase. At the same time, Croatia is in the process of being admitted into full European Union membership (expected accession date is July 1, 2013). This chapter examines compatibility of the Croatian land administration system with the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). Possibility of LADM adoption in the Republic of Croatia is evident from comparison of LADM literature and the current situation of the Croatian land administration system. This chapter proposes a national LADM profile for the Republic of Croatia. Interconnections between classes of the Croatian land administration system and linkage possibilities of these classes with LADM are presented through relevant examples.

Land Consolidation Suitability Ranking of Cadastral Municipalities: Information-Based Decision-Making Using Multi-Criteria Analyses of Official Registers’ Data

Fragmented agricultural land raises the costs of agricultural production. The land fragmentation manifests as a large number of relatively small and spatially divided land parcels of each owner. Additionally, the parcels are often very irregular in shape, which hinders an effective application of modern agricultural machinery. A land consolidation procedure, i.e., regrouping and merging partitioned agricultural land into larger and more regular parcels, and simultaneously arranging road and canal networks, enables a significant improvement in the conditions of agricultural production. The basis for conducting land consolidation is the legal framework. Multi-annual and annual plans are to specify priority areas for conducting consolidation. These plans should take into consideration the costs and benefits of land consolidation. To ascertain this, it is necessary to determine areas suitable for consolidation and express their qualitative features in a quantitative manner. The aim of this paper is to explore possibilities of using the official registers’ data to broad selection of land consolidation priority areas. To rank the chosen spatial units, various indicators have been selected and calculated at the state level. Multi-criteria analyses are commonly used as a tool for selection of the optimal solution scenario, using possibly conflicting indicators and measures. The paper used three different multi-criteria methods to determine Cadastral municipalities rankings. These rankings could be used by national agricultural or other spatial planning agencies to increase transparency and effectiveness through information-based decision making.

Modelling outsourceable transactions on polygon-based cadastral parcels

Modern land administration systems must fulfil the emerging need for a faster and more efficient processing of real estate transactions. In order to achieve such a goal, one way to go can be to outsource a larger segment of the cadastral geometry updating process to the actors external to the organisation maintaining the data. In case the spatial component of the combined legal–spatial transactions is to be outsourced, the underlying transaction processing system must be able to autonomously handle all possible cases in a safe and consistent manner. In this paper we developed a framework that can be used to design a system that is based on standard database transaction concepts and guarantees the safe processing of externally prepared transactions on polygon-based cadastral parcels. In order to be able to detach the process of editing from the consistency control, we adjusted our basic concepts to only consider the net effect of a transaction. In creating the framework we first detect all possible types of transactions. We do that by observing the cardinalities of the transaction’s affected and the resulting sets of parcels and the identities of each set’s members. Following the detection, we attach the basic integrity constraints to each of the transaction types. Finally we classify the detected transaction types into two subtypes with the primary criteria being the strict or relaxed requirements regarding the planar partition correctness. A strict definition of what can be done within each such transaction type provides a reference that can be used for linking the legal and the spatial component of a combined legal–spatial transaction. In order to substantiate the developed framework, we describe the implementation of a proof of the concept system.

Overview of the Croatian Land Administration System and the Possibilities for Its Upgrade to 3D by Existing Data

This paper explores the laws and other legal acts related to the Croatian 3D cadastre with an emphasis on those which relate to interests in strata, spatial planning, and other regulations that are valid or were valid on Croatian territory. The effects of the application of these regulations on the present situation of registration in cadastre and land register were considered. This paper also explores current legal, institutional, and technical solutions implemented in the Croatian Land Administration System and the possibilities for its upgrade to 3D cadastre. Implementation of any technological option to establish a 3D cadastre is tightly related to legislation. Hence, legislation and technological options are considered to find solutions that will be possible to implement. One suggestion presented in this paper was to use other sources of 3D data such as topographic signs or symbols used to represent topographic objects on 2D maps. In combination with other geodetic and cartographic products, useful information can be obtained, often quite relevant to provide a reference context for a 3D cadastre. Topographic signs on topographic maps and on other geodetic products provide a representation of complex real-world situations (tunnels, bridges, overpasses etc.) that are not usually presented on cadastral maps. This paper presents the possibility of utilizing those topographic signs to achieve the first steps towards establishing a 3D cadastre. Furthermore, this study proposes the establishment of a 3D Multipurpose Land Administration System as the most efficient system of land administration in a time when spatial information is easier to obtain than ever before and traditional real estate registers are subject to frequent and demanding changes.

Archival cadastral data modelled in an electronic environment

Cadastre is founded on some basic principles. One of them is the principle of sustainability which implies keeping all documentation about changes made in the data. As a result of that, a great amount of archival cadastral documentation is generated. Documentation was mainly created and stored in an analogue environment, where main media is paper. Archival cadastral documentation is very rich and is often a unique data source for different studies and researches. Any search of the data or query is rather difficult or even impossible task to perform, mainly because of the analogue environment in which the data is stored. The goal of this paper is to model the archival cadastral data in an electronic environment, in order to make it searchable and with a higher level of accessibility. A problem regarding the transition of archival cadastral data from analogue to electronic environment was researched. Guidelines for their modelling in an electronic environment were given and a system prototype was realized. Some examples of queries were made and possible applications of archival cadastral data were proposed.