Miracy M. Albuquerque

Inclusion complex of methyl-β-cyclodextrin and olanzapine as potential drug delivery system for schizophrenia.

Olanzapine (OLP), the most important atypical antipsychotic drug of the new generation, a high cost drug, has low aqueous solubility, affecting its dissolution and absorption. Its complexation with modified cyclodextrins (CDs) is designed to achieve novel vectorization systems with higher solubility, consequently higher bioavailability. From the CD selection, among β-CD, methyl-β-CD (MβCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-CD, it was obtained a phase solubility diagram suggesting a 1:1 (mol:mol) OLP-CD stoichiometry and complexation constants of 966.9, 149.4 and 91.1 L/mol, respectively. The MβCD was selected for the inclusion complexes (IC) attainment, a physical mixture (PM) and a rotatory evaporator product (ROE). The analysis showed differences in the structure, morphology and performance of OLP, MβCD, PM and ROE, revealing the occurrence of interactions between drug and CD. The ROE presented the higher dissolution efficiency and stability. The results suggest that the IC was formation, being a technological resource efficient and profitable for drug delivery.

The effects of seasonal climate changes in the caatinga on tannin levels in Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engl.) Fr. All. and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan

Examinou-se a influencia da sazonalidade climatica sobre as concentracoes de taninos em duas especies da Caatinga: Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engl.) Fr. All. e Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. Empregou-se o metodo Folin-Ciocalteau para quantificar os fenois totais e o metodo de precipitacao da caseina para taninos. De maneira geral, existe uma forte relacao entre os teores de taninos e a pluviosidade, apesar das especies parecerem adotar diferentes estrategias de producao de compostos tânicos em resposta aos periodos de seca e chuva na caatinga.

Development of Lapachol Topical Formulation: Anti-inflammatory Study of a Selected Formulation

This study aimed at developing a topical formulation of lapachol, a compound isolated from various Bignoniaceae species and at evaluating its topical anti-inflammatory activity. The influence of the pharmaceutical form and different types of emulsifiers was evaluated by in-vitro release studies. The formulations showing the highest release rate were selected and assessed trough skin permeation and retention experiments. It was observed that the gel formulation provided significantly higher permeation and retained amount (3.9-fold) of lapachol as compared to the gel-cream formulation. Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activities of the most promising formulation were also evaluated. Lapachol gel reduced the increase in hind-paw volume induced by carrageenan injection and reduced nociception produced by acetic acid (0.8% in water, i.p.) when used topically. These results suggest that topical delivery of lapachol from gel formulations may be an effective medication for both dermal and subdermal injuries.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of 0.5%, 1%, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in root canals instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 0.5%, 1% and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in root canals instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system. STUDY DESIGN Fifty human mandibular premolar teeth with single root canals were infected with a mixture of C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, and S. aureus. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 root canals each according to the irrigant used: group 1: 0.5% NaOCl; group 2: 1% NaOCl; group 3: 2.5% NaOCl; group 4 (positive control): 0.85% sterile saline solution; group 5 (negative control, without microorganisms): 0.85% sterile saline solution. All root canals were instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system. The assessment of the antimicrobial action of the irrigant was performed before the biomechanical preparation (0), and after instrumentation with S1 (1), S2 (2), F1 (3), F2 (4), and F3 (5) files. RESULTS All positive control samples showed microbial growth, whereas negative control samples showed no microbial growth before the biomechanical preparation and after the instrumentation with S1, S2, F1, F2, and F3 files. The microorganisms were eliminated after the instrumentation with S1 file in all tested irrigants, except for 1 sample in S1 at 0.5% NaOCl which showed positive growth. There was no significant statistical difference (P = 1.000) among the tested irrigants. CONCLUSION Sodium hypochlorite, at all tested concentrations, was effective in eliminating C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, and S. aureus in combination with the NiTi rotary instrumentation with the ProTaper Universal system.

Reversed phase HPLC determination of tamoxifen in dog plasma and its pharmaco-kinetics after a single oral dose administration

The analytical method developed to evaluate tamoxifen in dog plasma samples was precise, accurate, robust and linear in the range of 5–200 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.981 ng/mL and 2.97 ng/mL, respectively. Besides, the intra-day precision and accuracy variations were 8.78 and 10.16%, respectively. Tamoxifen concentrations were analyzed by combined reversed phase liquid chromatography and UV detection (λ=280 nm). The study was conducted using an open randomized 2-period crossover balanced design with a 1-week washout period between the doses. This simple, rapid and selective method is suitable for pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite in root canal disinfection by a single-file instrumentation technique

AIM The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canal disinfection by a single-file instrumentation technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy human single-rooted mandibular premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and divided into seven groups (n=10) according to the protocol of disinfection used. Group 1: 1% NaOCl; Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl; Group 3: saline+PDT; Group 4: 1% NaOCl+PDT; Group 5: 5.25% NaOCl+PDT; Group 6: positive control; Group 7: negative control. For PDT, methylene blue (15μg/mL) remained in the root canal for 2min, followed by irradiation with diode laser. Samples were collected before and after instrumentation and plated in specific media cultures, to assess the presence or absence of microbial growth and determine the average reduction of viable microorganisms. RESULTS 5.25% NaOCl+PDT resulted in the highest number of specimens with no microbial growth. Also, 1% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl+PDT exhibited similar antimicrobial effects. Saline+PDT was not able to eliminate all microorganisms. There was statistical significant differences between the groups and the microorganisms. CONCLUSION The association of 5.25% NaOCl with PDT was the most effective treatment against microorganisms from endodontic infection in root canals instrumented by a single-file instrumentation technique. This result shows that PDT can be useful to improve the root canal disinfection.

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LAMIVUDINE AND ZIDOVUDINE IN FIXED DOSE COMBINATIONS USING MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION

The simultaneous determination of two or more active components in pharmaceutical preparations, without previous chemical separation, is a common analytical problem. Published works describe the determination of AZT and 3TC separately, as raw material or in different pharmaceutical preparations. In this work, a method using UV spectroscopy and multivariate calibration is described for the simultaneous measurement of 3TC and AZT in fixed dose combinations. The methodology was validated and applied to determine the AZT+3TC contents in tablets from five different manufacturers, as well as their dissolution profile. The results obtained employing the proposed methodology was similar to methods using first derivative technique and HPLC.

Desenvolvimento de formulações e tecnologia de obtenção de comprimidos revestidos de efavirenz: terapia anti-HIV

Efavirenz is one of the most recent classes of anti-retroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV infections. It is the first choice therapy for AIDS treatment. As efavirenz detains hydrofobic characteristic, low density and offers great resistance to draining, it has been essential to choose an adequated formulation for it, in order to guarantee drugs availability in gastro-intestinal tract, achieving bioavailability and expected therapeutical effects. This work presents efavirez coated tablets thecnological development, considering the physics and physico-chemical characteristics of this drug. The efavirez nucleus (tablets) has been obtained employing granulation technics by humid via. In the coating by film, Opadry Y-1-7000 in aquous system was used. The adopted parameters to tablet phisics evaluation followed official phamacopeial specifications and quantitative determination of the drug was performed by developed and validated methodology.

Soluções Irrigadoras Utilizadas para o Preparo Biomecânico de Canais Radiculares

Resumen pt: Introducao: Os microrganismos desempenham um importante papel na etiologia e manutencao das infeccoes endodonticas. Esta populacao microbiana devera ser ...

Evaluation of Microbial Reduction in Root Canals Instrumented with Reciprocating and Rotary Systems

OBJECTIVE This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the disinfection of root canal systems carried out with Reciproc(TM) and ProTaper Universal(TM) systems using 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODS Forty human single-rooted mandibular premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and twenty were not infected. The specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10): Group 1: ProTaper Universal(TM) + 1% NaOCl; Group 2 (positive control): ProTaper Universal(TM) + saline; Group 3 (negative control without microorganisms): ProTaper Universal(TM) + saline; Group 4: Reciproc(TM) + 1% NaOCl; Group 5 (positive control): Reciproc(TM) + saline; Group 6 (negative control without microorganisms): Reciproc(TM) + saline. Samples were collected before and after the completion of specific treatments, and plated in specific media cultures. The Fisher exact test was used for the statistical analysis of differences in terms of presence or absence of microbial growth among groups. For all tested pathogens, significant differences (p < 0.001) were verified between the instrumentation systems used. RESULTS ProTaper Universal(TM) associated with 1% NaOCl completely eliminated all microorganisms. Microbial growth, however, was observed when Reciproc(TM) was used associated with 1% NaOCl. CONCLUSION According to the protocol executed for this study, the Reciproc(TM) system associated with 1% NaOCl was not able to completely eliminate E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans from the root canal systems.