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Dive into the research topics where Miriam Grushka is active.

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Featured researches published by Miriam Grushka.


Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology | 1987

Clinical features of burning mouth syndrome

Miriam Grushka

A study was carried out to compare the clinical features of 102 subjects suffering from burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and 43 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In comparison with those in the control group, the BMS subjects reported a significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth, thirst, taste and sleep disturbances, headaches, nonspecific health problems, pain complaints, and severe menopausal symptoms, but no significant differences in other oral or dental features or in the prevalence of candidiasis infection. In addition, there was no hematologic evidence of a nutritional disturbance in more than 90% of the BMS subjects tested, but immunologic abnormalities and an elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were found in more than 58% and 63% of the BMS subjects, respectively. These findings demonstrate those features which distinguish BMS subjects from age- and sex-matched control subjects but provide no confirmatory evidence for many of the etiologic factors frequently suggested for BMS.


Pain | 1987

Psychophysical assessment of tactile, pain and thermal sensory functions in burning mouth syndrome

Miriam Grushka; Barry J. Sessle; Thomas P. Howley

&NA; Tactile, two‐point discrimination, thermal change detection and heat pain thresholds as well as oral stereognostic ability, warmth scaling and heat pain tolerance were compared in a group of 72 subjects with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and 43 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. No differences were found between the BMS and control subjects for any of the sensory modalities tested except for heat pain tolerance. Pain tolerance was significantly decreased for the BMS subjects at the tongue tip, a site of clinical pain in approximately 85% of the subjects tested in this study, but not at the cutaneous lower lip which was a site of pain only in approximately 17% of the subjects tested in this study. In addition, no differences in heat pain tolerance were found at the cutaneous lower lip between the control subjects and the BMS subjects who reported pain on the mucosal lower lip (approximately 49% of subjects), but heat pain tolerance was significantly decreased at this site for those BMS subjects tested without pain on the mucosal lower lip (approximately 51% of subjects). These findings do not suggest a psychogenic origin for the alteration of heat pain tolerance in the BMS subjects, but suggest instead specific changes in their peripheral or central sensory functions.


Pain | 1987

Pain and personality profiles in burning mouth syndrome

Miriam Grushka; Barry J. Sessle; Rickey Miller

&NA; The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were administered to 72 subjects with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) who were also requested to match the levels of their clinical pain to line lengths on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and to experimentally induced warm and painful thermal stimuli. The responses of 102 toothache pain subjects and 43 asymptomatic age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects were used to compare the responses of the BMS subjects on the MPQ and MMPI, respectively. The results indicated that BMS pain is quantitatively similar to, but qualitatively different from, toothache pain, that self‐reports of BMS pain appear to be valid, that when compared to the asymptomatic control subjects, BMS subjects show elevations in certain personality characteristics which are similar to those seen in other chronic pain patients, and that these personality disturbances tend to increase with increased pain. Therefore, our findings indicate that the pain of BMS is more severe than has previously been suggested and that the severity of this pain may explain some of the personality changes which occur in the BMS subjects.


Pain | 1984

Applicability of the McGill pain questionnaire to the differentiation of ‘toothache’ pain

Miriam Grushka; Barry J. Sessle

&NA; The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was administered to 102 ‘toothache’ patients to determine whether it was sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between dental patients whose pain was clinically diagnosed as originating from a reversibly inflamed tooth pulp (group I) and those whose pain was diagnosed as originating from an irreversibly inflamed or necrotic pulp (group II). Scores for Total Pain Rank Index (PRI(T)), Sensory Pain Rank Index (PRI(S)), Evaluative Pain Rank Index (PRI(E)), Miscellaneous Pain Rank Index (PRI(M)), and Number of Words Chosen (NWC) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) for group II patients. The PRI differences between both groups were attributed mainly to the more frequent selection by group II patients of 8 of the 20 subclasses of words and/or of words with higher rank values within the 8 subclasses. A significantly greater degree of sleep disturbance, nausea, headache, drowsiness and/or dizziness was also found in group II patients. Discriminant analysis using the 20 subclasses and 4 supplementary questions related to sleep disturbance, changes in food intake or activity levels, and accompanying symptoms, indicated that the MPQ, when used alone, correctly predicted diagnosis and treatment outcome in 73% of patients. Therefore, our findings indicate that the MPQ can distinguish between the two types of toothache and suggest that, especially when used along with other standard diagnostic tests, it may be a useful clinical adjunct in the diagnosis of dental pain.


Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology | 2012

Increased prevalence of geographic tongue in burning mouth complaints: a retrospective study

Victor Ching; Miriam Grushka; Mark R. Darling; Nan Su

OBJECTIVESnThe objective of this study was to assess the frequency of geographic tongue and fissured tongue (GFT) in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Our hypothesis was that benign soft tissue changes to the tongue, such as GFT, are associated with BMS.nnnSTUDY DESIGNnRetrospective review of 161 patients with BMS and 87 TMJ dysfunction cases as control. Frequency of GFT and demographics for both groups was assessed.nnnRESULTSnIn the BMS group, 26.7% of the subjects were diagnosed with GFT, whereas in the control group, 11.5% had GFT (P < .05). In the subgroup of BMS with GFT, the male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:2, whereas the male-to-female ratio of those with BMS and no GFT was approximately 1:5 (P < .05).nnnCONCLUSIONSnOur results demonstrate a higher than expected prevalence of GFT among patients with BMS compared with a control group of patients with TMJ. In males, GFT may be a significant predictor for BMS.


The Clinical Journal of Pain | 1986

Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Historical Review

Miriam Grushka; Barry J. Sessle

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a poorly characterized intraoral pain disorder that appears to affect primarily postmenopausal women. The present report reviews from a historical perspective many of the etiologies for BMS that have been proposed and the supporting evidence for each.


European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology | 2015

Does Sjogren’s syndrome affect odor identification abilities?

Nan Su; Renee Poon; Miriam Grushka

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems which negatively impacts on patients’ quality of life [1–3]. Olfaction in SS has not been well studied. Two previous studies have shown some change in odor identification ability and smell threshold in SS patients [2, 4]. This change in SS patients’ ability to smell is thought to relate to changes within the nose, including dry mucosa, septal ulcerations and crustings, which may affect contact between odor molecules and olfactory receptors [5, 6]. In contrast, burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an idiopathic pain syndrome with normal local and systemic findings and smell loss is not a typical complaint of these patients [7]. However, quality of life is also affected strongly in these patients [8]. Therefore, BMs patients were chosen as a control group for studies in olfactory function in SS patients. Using the Sniffin’ Sticks (Burghart Messtechnik GmbH, Germany) consisting of 16 distinct odors [9–11], SS patients and BMS patients were tested. A total of 47 female patients were recruited for the study. The SS group consisted of 15 diagnosed SS patients between the age of 31 and 75 (mean ± SD, 54.5 ± 14.6 years). The BMS group consisted of 32 diagnosed BMS patients between the ages of 37 and 90 (mean ± SD, 58.2 ± 13.3 years). Patients identified odors by selecting one odor name from a list of four descriptors each, even if they reported inability to detect the odor. Scores were compared to normative values to determine whether odor identification ability was affected or not. There were no significant differences between the number of correctly identified odors (SS 10.7 ± 3.5, BMS 11.8 ± 2.6, p = 0.21) between the two groups. Six out of 15 (40 %) SS patients scored below normal, and 9 out of 32 (28 %) BMS patients scored less than normal (v = 0.66, p = 0.42). In general, no SS patient scored perfect on the odor identification test and only 2 BMS patients had perfect scores. Waiffenbach (1995) reported in his study that 9 out of 30 (30 %) SS patients and 6 out of 60 (10 %) control subjects scored under normal in odor identification which was significantly different [4]. Our BMS and SS subjects who scored below normal presented with proportion similar to those reported for SS patients by Waiffenbach, which may indicate that some smell identification impairment also exist in BMS patients as well as in SS patients. In summary, SS patients had lower odor scores than BMS patients; however, the difference was not significant. In addition, although high proportion of SS patients scored lower than normative values [9], there was no significant difference between BMS and SS patients, suggesting that BMS patient may in fact have reduction in their odor identification ability and are different than normal age matched controls. This will have to be further investigated with a control population as there is currently limited literature on smell functions within BMS patients.


Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology | 2017

Geographic Tongue: assessment of Peripheral Nerve Status, Langerhans cell and HLA-DR Expression

Mark R. Darling; Nan Su; Sherry Masen; Paul Kwon; Daniel Fortino; Taylor McKerlie; Miriam Grushka

OBJECTIVESnThe objectives of this study were to determine whether geographic tongue (GT) is an antigen-driven condition by assessing Langerhans cell numbers and the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP, -DQ, and -DR in the epithelium of GT and to assess peripheral nerve status for any possible damage/injury association by quantifying neurite area in connective tissue in GT.nnnSTUDY DESIGNnRandomly selected samples of GT were examined by using routine immunoperoxidase staining methods to S100 protein, neurofilament, CD1a, and HLA class II. The Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess statistical significance.nnnRESULTSnLangerhans cell numbers were found to be increased in GT. HLA expression was also seen in Langerhans cells and inflammatory cells and in the spinous layer and parabasal epithelial cells in 2 samples of GT. Total nerve tissue, based on area measurements, was not significantly different between GT and control tissues.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe increase in Langerhans cells suggests that GT is a condition that is likely driven by an unknown external antigen. Peripheral nerve damage was not apparent, suggesting that this is not a mechanism whereby patients with GT become symptomatic.


Journal of the American Dental Association | 1995

Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Update

Jonathan A. Ship; Miriam Grushka; James A. Lipton; April Mott; Barry J. Sessle; Raymond A. Dionne


Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology | 1987

Prevalence of oral and facial pain and discomfort: preliminary results of a mail survey.

David Locker; Miriam Grushka

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Mark R. Darling

University of Western Ontario

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Joel B. Epstein

University of Illinois at Chicago

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