Míriam Isabel Souza dos Santos Simon

Associação entre o estado nutricional e a ingestão dietética em pacientes com fibrose cística

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between nutritional status and dietary intake in patients with cystic fibrosis. METHODS Cross-sectional study involving 85 cystic fibrosis patients between 6 and 18 years of age. Dietary intake was evaluated by the 3-day diet record (weighing the food consumed). The outcome measures were the following nutritional status indicators: weight/height (W/H%) percentage, body mass index (BMI) percentiles, Z score for weight/age (W/A), Z score for height/age (H/A) and percentage of dietary intake compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). RESULTS The prevalence of well-nourished patients was 77.7%, using BMI above the 25th percentile as the cut-off value, and the W/H% was above 90% in 83.5%. The mean dietary intake, evaluated in 82 patients, was 124.5% of the RDA. In the univariate logistic regression analyses, we found a significant association between the independent variable calorie intake and the Z score for W/A. The multivariate analysis, based on the Z score for H/A and adjusted for FEV1, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and number of hospitalizations, demonstrated that a 1% increase in the calorie intake decreases the chance of having short stature by 2% (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-1.00). Maternal level of education showed a borderline association (p = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of malnutrition was low in this sample of patients. The study model demonstrated an association between dietary intake and nutritional status. Dietary intake was a predictive factor of statural growth in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Validation of a Nutrition Screening Tool for Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

BACKGROUND In cystic fibrosis (CF), nutrition diagnosis is of critical relevance because the early identification of nutrition-related compromise enables early, adequate intervention and, consequently, influences patient prognosis. Up to now, there has not been a validated nutrition screening tool that takes into consideration clinical variables. OBJECTIVE To validate a specific nutritional risk screening tool for patients with CF based on clinical variables, anthropometric parameters, and dietary intake. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. The nutrition screening tool was compared with a risk screening tool proposed by McDonald and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation criteria. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Patients aged 6 to 18 years, with a diagnosis of CF confirmed by two determinations of elevated chloride level in sweat (sweat test) and/or by identification of two CF-associated genetic mutations who were receiving follow-up care through the outpatient clinic of a Cystic Fibrosis Treatment Center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Earlier identification of nutritional risk in CF patients aged 6 to 18 years when a new screening tool was applied. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Agreement among the tested methods was assessed by means of the kappa coefficient for categorical variables. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were calculated. The significance level was set at 5% (P<0.05). Statistical analyses were carried out in PASW Statistics for Windows version 18.0 (2009, SPSS Inc). RESULTS Eighty-two patients (49% men, aged 6 to 18 years) were enrolled in the study. The agreement between the proposed screening tool and the tool for screening nutritional risk for CF by the McDonald method was good (κ=0.804; P<0.001) and the sensitivity and specificity was 85% and 95%, respectively. Agreement with the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation criteria was lower (κ=0.418; P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were both 72%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed screening tool with defined clinical variables promotes earlier identification of nutritional risk in pediatric patients with CF.

Indicadores antropométricos e de ingestão alimentar como preditores da função pulmonar em pacientes com fibrose cística

Objective: To evaluate whether anthropometric and dietary intake indicators are predictors of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 69 patients (age range, 5.4-16.5 years) diagnosed with CF under follow-up at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, located in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Anthropometric assessment was based on body mass index (BMI), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and triceps skinfold thickness (TST). Dietary intake was assessed by using recall data, which were compared with the recommended dietary allowances. Pulmonary function was assessed by ventilatory capacity, expressed as FEV 1 . Prevalence ratios for the outcome studied (FEV 1 < 80% of predicted) were calculated by indicator. Results: In patients with MAMC and TST below the 25th percentile, the prevalence of FEV 1 < 80% of predicted was significantly higher than in those with higher MAMC and TST (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). In comparison with other patients, those with a BMI below the 50th percentile showed a 4.43 times higher prevalence of FEV 1 < 80% of predicted (95% CI: 1.58-12.41), and that prevalence was 2.54 times higher in those colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than in those not so colonized (95% CI: 1.43-4.53). The association between dietary intake and the prevalence of FEV 1 < 80% of predicted was of only borderline significance (95% CI: 0.95-3.45). Conclusions: Not being colonized with MRSA and having a BMI above the 50th percentile appear to preserve pulmonary function in CF patients.

Qualidade microbiológica e temperatura de dietas enterais antes e após implantação do sistema de análise de perigos e pontos críticos de controle

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated microbiological quality and temperature of enteral formulas before and after the implementation of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system at the Central of Enteral Feedings of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. METHODS: During the period of September 2001 and January 2002, 320 samples of four kinds of enteral feeding identified as diets I, II, III, and Special diet were collected and submitted to temperature and microbiological analysis. Samples were collected weekly in two steps of the flow chart of production: immediately after preparation and after 16 hours of storage at refrigeration. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxons test was used. RESULTS: Before Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system, 92% of the storage temperatures were considered inadequate according to the Brazilian legislation. After Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system implementation, significant reductions (p<0.05) were observed in the counts of mesophilic microorganisms of diets II, III, and Special diet, immediately after preparation. Significant reductions were also observed in the diets II and III stored at refrigeration. Fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium sp., Salmonella sp., Yersinia enterocolitica or Listeria monocytogenes were not found in any of the analyzed samples. Hazard analysis identified the acquisition of raw materials and refrigerated storage as the Critical Control Points of the produced diets. CONCLUSION: After the implementation of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system at the Center of Enteral Feedings, the quality of the final product increased significantly, reducing the risk of food contamination.

Avaliação nutricional dos profissionais do serviço de nutrição e dietética de um hospital terciário de Porto Alegre

Abstract This study aimed to identify anthropometric and biochemical status and to analyze the weight gain of collaborators of nutrition and dietetics services of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). This was a retrospective longitudinal study enrolled 190 employees. Nutritional assessment and clinical analysis was measurement. A structured questionnaire was applied all employ-ees. The prevalence of excess weight was 60.8%. Weight gain was significantly associated to length of service, working shift and physical activity. The study showed that an additional year of work was associated with weight gain around 500 g, the shift in average gain of 4 kg and physical activity with average weight loss of 3.3 kg. The association between weight gain, work-ing time and working shift in employees refers to the need to create nutrition intervention program aiming to promote healthy eating habits. Keywords: antropometry; occupational groups; weight gain. Avaliacao nutricional dos profissionais do servico de nutricao e dietetica de um hospital terciario de Porto Alegre