Mitsuharu Takeda

Acylated anthocyanins from red radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Twelve acylated anthocyanins were isolated from the red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. Six of these were identified as pelargonidin 3-O-[6-O-(E)-feruloyl-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside), pelargonidin 3-O-[6-O-(E)-caffeoyl-2-O-(6-(E)-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside), pelargonidin 3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-2-O-(6-(E)-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside), pelargonidin 3-O-[6-O-(E)-feruloyl-2-O-(6-(E)-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside), pelargonidin 3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-2-O-(6-(E)-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside), and pelargonidin 3-O-[6-O-(E)-feruloyl-2-O-(2-(E)-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranoside).

Accumulation levels of organochlorine pesticides in human adipose tissue and blood

Because of their persistence and potential for bioaccumulation, the use of organochlorine pesticides, technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and pp{prime}-DDT, has been prohibited since 1971 in Japan. Furthermore, chlordane which had been applied for termite control has the potential for bioaccumulation and the use of it has been also prohibited since 1986. These chemicals can enter human body through a food chain or by inhalation of vapors. However, few data on chlordane residue in human adipose tissue are available in Japan. The aims of the present study were to assess the levels of organo-chlorine chemicals in adipose tissue and blood of Japanese and to examine the relationship between them.

Toxicity, Absorption and Elimination of Phosphoric Acid Triesters by Killifish and Goldfish

Chemicals. TBP(tributylphosphate) was purchased from Wako Pure Chem. Co., and TCEP (trichloroethyl phosphate), TDCPP [tris(l,3dichloroisopropyl) phosphate] and TPP (triphenylphosphate) were purchased from Tokyo Kasei Industry Co. Solvents were distilled before use in an all-glass Widmar distillation unit. Tap water was used after dechlorination by passage through an activated charcoal column.

Organochlorine chemicals in skin lipids as an index of their accumulation in the human body

Application of a noninvasive method of analyzing skin lipids was considered as a means of monitoring human exposure to organochlorine pesticides. Skin lipids were collected by wiping the face with cotton and purified by gel permeation chromatography and treatment with H2SO4. Organochlorine chemicals were determined by electron capture gas chromatography with a fused silica capillary column.p,p′-DDE, Β-HCH and chemicals related to chlordane were detected in the skin lipids. Residue levels ofp,p′-DDE, Β-HCH and oxychlordane in the skin lipids correlated with those in the adipose tissue; correlation coefficients forp,p′-DDE, Β-HCH and oxychlordane were 0.93, 0.92, and 0.68, respectively. The correlation between skin lipids and adipose tissue for trans-nonachlor was poor (γ = 0.46). The component pattern of chlordanes in skin lipids was similar to that of technical chlordane. The results suggested that chemicals in the skin lipids reflected both their accumulation in the body burden and dermal exposure.Skin lipids collected during 1986 to 1988 in Japan were determined forp,p′-DDE, Β-HCH and the chlordanes. Residue levels ofp,p′-DDE and Β-HCH in the aged were high compared with those in the young (γ=0.31–0.45). Chlordanes were detected from inhabitants in the southern area of Japan where chlordane had been used for termite control.

Spectroscopic characterization of SC‐NTR: A subsidiary dye of Allura Red AC dye (FD&C Red No. 40)

A major subsidiary dye in US certified Allura Red AC dye (FD&C Red No. 40) has been isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The paper chromatographic properties of the isolated dye indicate that it is the dye designated as SC-NTR in a previous paper (Marmion 1971). Spectroscopic analysis of the isolated dye is consistent with the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-3-sulphophenylazo)-2-naphthalen esulphonic acid, which is an azo-coupling product between the meta-isomer of cresidine-p-sulphonic acid (CSA) and Schaeffers salt (SS).

Isolation, identification and determination of a magenta subsidiary colour in Food Blue No. 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF)

A magenta subsidiary colour was isolated from commercial Food Blue No. 1 (B-1; Brilliant Blue FCF). The absorption maximum for this subsidiary colour at 580 nm is outside of the range of 614-628 nm found for other subsidiary colours and m,m-B-1. On the basis of MS and NMR analyses, the structure of the subsidiary colour was elucidated as the disodium salt of 2-[[4-[N-ethyl-N-(3-sulphophenylmethyl)amino]phenyl][4-oxo- 2,5-cyclohexadienylidene]methyl]benzenesulphonic acid. HPLC analyses revealed that 24 batches of commercial Food Blue No. 1 (three manufacturers) contain 0.1-0.8% (average: 0.5%) of the magenta subsidiary colour.

Disposition of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p′-DDT, and trans-chlordane administered subcutaneously to monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

To evaluate skin lipid analysis for the accumulation level of environmental pollutants, the correlations between organochlorine pesticide residues in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids of monkeys were studied. The mixture of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p′-DDT, and trans-chlordane was subcutaneously given to monkeys once weekly for 5 weeks at dose levels of 1 and 10 mg/kg. The chemicals distributed in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids were determined six times after the last dosing at intervals of 4 to 9 weeks.Oxychlordane and p,p′-DDE were detected in all tissues together with the administered chemicals. In blood and adipose tissue, trans-chlordane decreased rapidly and oxychlordane and p,p′-DDE increased gradually and then remained at constant levels. β-HCH and p,p′-DDT in adipose tissue increased until the 12th week and then decreased in all animals. The correlation coefficients between blood and adipose tissue regardless of dose level and collection time for each chemical ranged from 0.83 to 0.94. Correlation coefficients between skin lipids and adipose tissue varied with the chemical, namely, 0.31, 0.72, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83 for p,p′-DDE, tras-chlordane, p,p′-DDT, β-HCH, and oxychlordane, respectively. The results indicated that skin lipid analysis may be useful for the evaluation of specific pollutants in the body burden.

Effect of subchronic oral treatment with terbium on gastrointestinal uptake of calcium and phosphorus

Basic and applied studies to develop pioneering technology have been widely performed. Recently, rare earth elements have become regarded as promising new basic materials for superconductors, ceramics and amorphous substances, and should become important in modem industries. However, increased exposure to rare earth elements, might adversely affect human health. The metabolism and toxicity of rare earth elements have conventionally been studied with radioisotopes, but these methods have inherent problems in that the radioisotopes used may form radiocolloids and their radioactivity is toxic. Recently, metabolism of dysprosium, europium, ytterbium and yttrium by ICP-AES and the biological effects of lanthanum have been reported. However, the studies on biological effects of rare earth elements have just begun, so very few have been reported. We therefore investigated effects of rare earth element, terbium (Tb) on the excretion into the urine and feces, as well as the distribution of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, thymus, brain, bone, and blood of male rats. 21 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.

Studies on Paraffinic Hydrocarbons in Foods and Human Adipose Tissue

In order to make clear the pollution of the marine environment by petroleum, the present study was carried out on paraffine hydrocarbons. As one of the indices of food contaminations by petroleum, the background contents of the hydrocarbons in fishes, meats, and human adipose tissue were determined by using a modified method consisting of chromate oxidation, Florisil column chromatography and FID-gas chromatography. Paraffine hydrocarbons were detected from all of the fishes except shrimps and shortnecked clams. Large amount of pristane was found in sardine, mackerel-pick, and mackerel, as well as some other kinds of normal paraffine hydrocarbons. The peak patterns of the hydrocarbons in every fish and shell fish tested could be devided roughly into 4 groups. Levels of the hydrocarbon accumulation in the marine fishes were generally higher than those in the fresh ones. The peak patterns of the paraffine hydrocarbons in beef, pork, chicken, and chicken liver were characteristic, respectively, but the contents of total paraffine hydrocarbons were in the similar levels. In the meats, the paraffine hydrocarbons with higher molecular weight were detected on gas chromatograms. In human adipose tissue, pristane, n-nonacosane, and n-hentriacontane were observed from all the samples on gas chromatograms with the peaks of a series of paraffine hydrocarbons. The peak patterns of the tissues were quite different from those of the fishes and the meats. (Received November 4, 1976)

Studies on Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foods (XX)

The improved analytical method for chlorobenzylate, chloropropylate, phenisobromolate and tetradifon by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector was established.The method consists of three procedures, extraction with the mixture of acetone and n-hexane, clean up by activated charcoal-Florisil column chromatography and the determination by gas chromatography. The pesticide on column was eluted with 40% n-hexane in benzene and 20% n-hexane in ether. Organochlorine pesticides were eluted in the first fraction and chlorobenzylate, chloropropylate, phenisobromolate and tetradifon were eluted in the second fraction. For gas chromatographic determination of these insecticides, three stationary phases, 2% DEGS+0.5% phosphoric acid, 5% OV-17 and 5% XE-60, were used.The efficiency of the analytical method was evaluated by using seven crops fortified with organochlorine pesticides (0.008-0.054ppm) and the insecticides (0.025-0.2ppm). The average recoveries of organochlorine pesticides ranged from 87.3% for dieldrin to 96.7 for DDT in lettuce, and also those of the insecticides were in the range of 80.0% for chlorobenzylate in plum to 97.3% for tetradifon in cucumber fruit.