Mitsuo Fukuchi

DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE PRODUCTION BY PSYCHROPHILIC DIATOM ISOLATES1

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) production by psychrophilic diatom strains, Chaetoceros sp., Navicula sp., and Nitzschia sp., were experimentally analyzed. All strains showed rapid growth (0.3–0.5 d−1) under cold culture conditions (1.7°C). DMSP concentrations (both as particulate, DMSPp, and dissolved, DMSPd) were negligible in cultures of Chaetoceros sp., whereas those for Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. increased toward the end of the 56‐day experiments. The ratio of DMSPp:chl a of the latter two species was approximately 5 in the early exponential growth phase and decreased slightly toward the early stationary phase. During the stationary phase, when chl a and fluorescence remained constant, the ratios in both species increased linearly by up to approximately 6.5 times the value at the start of the stationary phase. This growth‐related DMSP production by diatoms may result in the low concentrations of DMSPp observed in the early stage of diatom blooms under natural conditions.

Long-Term Trends of Nutrients and Apparent Oxygen Utilization South of the Polar Front in Southern Ocean Intermediate Water from 1965 to 2008

The variation of nutrients over decadal timescales south of the polar front in the Southern Ocean is poorly known because of a lack of continuous observational data in this area. We examined data from long-term continuous hydrographic monitoring of 43 years (1965–2008) in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, via the resupply of Antarctic stations under the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition and Australian Antarctic Research Expedition. We found significant increasing trends in phosphate and nitrate, and a decreasing trend in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in intermediate water (neutral density = 27.8–28.1 kgm−3) south of the polar front. The rates of phosphate and nitrate increase are 0.004 µmol yr−1 and 0.02 µmol yr−1, respectively. The rate of decline of AOU was 0.32 µmol yr−1. One reason for this phosphate and nitrate increase and AOU decline is reduced horizontal advection of North Atlantic Deep Water, which is characterized by low nutrients and high AOU. The relationship between climate change and nutrient variability remains obscure, emphasizing the importance of long-term monitoring.